fungi

Question 1

what one of the 6 kingdoms does fungi belong to

Answer 1

opisthokonts

Question 2

what was the ancestor of fungi

Answer 2

aquatic, single celled, flagellated protist

Question 3

are fungi heterotrophs or autotrophs

Answer 3

heterotrophs: depend on outside nutrient sources, feed by absorption

Question 4

what are fungi

Answer 4

single celled or multicellular eukaryotes

Question 5

what is a fungi’s rigid cell wall composed of

Answer 5

chitin

Question 6

what can fungi produce that survive prolong periods in extreme environments

Answer 6

spores; require moisture to stimulate growth

Question 7

what are the branching extensions called that grow from each spore

Answer 7

hyphae

Question 8

what are hyphae designed for

Answer 8

increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 9

how do single cell fungi (yeast) replicate

Answer 9

budding

Question 10

what temperature does fungi like, what does this make them

Answer 10

20-40 degrees celsius, mesophilic

Question 11

fungi cell wall, characteristics and function

Answer 11

impart rigidity, osmotic stability and secretes enzymes to assist in nutrition
composed of chitin, glucans, mannans and glycoprotiens

Question 12

fungi cell membrane is ____, what is the predominant sterol

Answer 12

bilayered, ergosterol

Question 13

what are the 2 basic cell arrangements for fungi

Answer 13

multicellular branding (hyphae) or single cell (yeast)

Question 14

a mat of entwining hyphae is called what

Answer 14

mycelium

Question 15

some yeasts will produce elongate processes when budding known as

Answer 15

pseudohyphae (almost look like hyphae but not quite)

Question 16

describe fungi asexual reproduction

Answer 16

exist in haploid state and reproduce clonally: mycelium
mitosis into spores and germination into more mycelium

Question 17

why does sexual reproduction in fungi often occur

Answer 17

in response to adverse environmental conditions

Question 18

sexual reproduction in fungi consists of what 3 stages

Answer 18

plasmogamy: =plasma comes together, haploid cell from 2 different mycelia fuse to form a heterokaryotic cell w 2 or more nuceli

karyogamy := nuclei come together the nuceli fuse to from diploid zygote

meiosis: haploid spores are formed and then germination into multicellular mycelium

Question 19

sexual stage of fungi is the

Answer 19

teleomorph

Question 20

asexual stage of fungi is the
_____
what two types of spores will it produce

Answer 20

anamorph stage

produce conidia or sporangium

Question 21

why do many fungi have 2 different names

Answer 21

they may have been disovered independently at different times in their different lifecycle stages (sexual/ teleomorph stage or asexual/anamorph stage)

Question 22

6 divisions of fungi

Answer 22

Chytridiomycota (oldest)
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
deuteromycota/ fungi imperfecti

Question 23

3 ways of classifying fungi

Answer 23

-microscopic fruiting bodies (ie mold)
-macroscopic fruiting bodies (ie mushrooms)
-single celled (yeast)

*some are dimorphic, can be like yeast in one environment and then change to hyphal growth in another environment

Question 24

soil mushrooms spend most of their life

Answer 24

underground invisible to us; it is only when they produce fruiting bodies that we can see them

Question 25

yeast tend to look like what when grown on agar

Answer 25

bacterial colonies

Question 26

why is fungi genetics so diverse

Answer 26

they have many non sexual methods of DNA recombinations fungal nuclei contain viral like particles, transposable elements and enzymes that can cut and rearrange DNA sequences

Question 27

how do fungi recycle nutrients in the environemnt

Answer 27

digesting non living organic material

Question 28

how do they break down molecules to be absorbed by them and also other plants and organisms

Answer 28

by secreting a range of enzymes (exoenzymes)

Question 29

mycorrhiza

Answer 29

fungal root: ie fungi that have symbiotic relationship w the roots of many plants (some plants need them to grow well)

Question 30

where do fungi have symbiosis interactions with animals

Answer 30

in the gut of plant eating and animals and with farmer insects

Question 31

mycosis

Answer 31

disease caused by a fungus

Question 32

3 ways by which a fungi can cause disease

Answer 32

as an invasive pathogen by producing a toxin that is ingested/ absorbed by producing a hypersensitivity/ allergy

Question 33

dermatophytes

Answer 33

fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails phylum; ascomycota

Question 34

most common yeast in vet care that causes ear infection and dermatitis

Answer 34

malessezia pachydermatis

Question 35

subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 35

fungal infections beneath the skin example sporotrichosis (usually infect via wounds)

Question 36

systemic mycoses

Answer 36

fungal infections that invade deep organs, can cause paraplegia

Question 37

where is mycoses often seen in pets

Answer 37

aquatic reptiles, marine mammals, platypus, arachnids, often associated w water quality and temp and poor husbandry and hygiene