past exams Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
picture he took of worm is a
A
hookworm
nematode
2
Q
in life cycle of roundworm parascaris equorum a foal become infected
A
by eating parasite eggs
3
Q
examples of arthropods displaying mouthparts with mandibles are
A
insects and crustaceans
4
Q
the most likely reason for the efficiency of macrocyclic lactones in treating parasitic nematodes, ticks and insects but NOT flukes, tapeworms and mammals is that
A
parasites, nematodes, ticks and insects all belong to ecdysozoa
whereas flukes and tapeworms belong to lophotrochozoa
and mammals belong to chordata
5
Q
sensory appendages of insects include
A
compound eyes and antennae
6
Q
what is incorrect about fleas
A
flea glue their eggs to the fur or feathers of their host
lice do this not fleas
7
Q
which of the following about lice are correct (can choose multiple)
a) all lice suck blood as adults
b) all stages of lice are found on the host
c) ice either feed on either blood, or on skin, hair or feathers
d) larva of lice are found in nests on their hosts
A
b and c
8
Q
describe fasciola hepatica lifecycle
A
- Sexually mature fluke in sheep (definitive/ final host)
- Eggs pass in host feces (eggs contain miracidium, have trap door in which larva can escape) hatches when it senses freshwater and sunlight
- Larval stages:
- Miracidium: that hatched in water swims and enters snail (intermediate host), they find the snail trails, invade through tissue, become internal parasites of snail
- Sporocysts→ redia→ cercaria by asexual reproduction within the snail
- Cercaria (another type of larva, multicellular looks like a sperm, have a tail) exits snail, looks for freshwater and plant material
- Encystment (metacercaria), forms a cyst on a plant
- Eaten by definitive host (ex sheep or cow)
- Exists in small intestine, move to liver
9
Q
amniotic egg consists of which extraembryonic membranes
A
yolk sac, allantois, amnion, chorion
10
Q
which 2 undergo meroblastic cleavage:
birds, marsupials, monotremes, amphibians
A
birds and monotremes
11
Q
during embryogenesis in eutherians the ____ forms the embryo
A
inner cell mass
12
Q
dogs were domesticated ____ humans transitioned to agricultural societies
A
before
13
Q
the retention of juvenile traits into adulthood, key feature of domestication, is termed
A
paedomorphosis or pedomorphosis
14
Q
which of following about skull fenestration is NOT correct
anapsid skulls lack temporal fenestra, diapsid skulls have 2 temporal fenestrae and synapsid skulls have one temporal fenestrae
synapsid skulls are found in lizards and snakes
diapsid skulls found in dinos, crocs, tuatara and birds
anapsid skulls are found in turtles and tortoises
A
synapsid skulls are found in lizards and snakes
15
Q
which of following does not list processes involved in evolution of birds from dinos
the development of the keel on the sternum for attachment of flight mucles
evolution of flight feathers form branches, down-like feathers and the fusion of digits 2 and 3 to form the wing
the evolution of the amniotic egg and maternal care
forelimbs came longer than hindlimbs and the clavicles fused to form the furcula
A
the evolution of the amniotic egg and maternal care
16
Q
which is not an adaptation of the skeleton of amphibians to a terrestrial existence
a reduction in number and size of articular processes on vertebrae
the pectoral girdle is no longer joined to the skull as it is in their aquatic ancestor
they possess 4 digits on their forelimbs and 5 digits on their hindlimbs
a sacral region articulates w pelvic girdle which consists of an ilium, ischium and pubis
A
a reduction in number and size of articular processes on vertebrae
17
Q
which of following about amniotic egg is not correct
A
the evolution of the amniotic egg enabled vertebrates to assume a to assume a terrestrial existence giving rise to reptiles and birds but not mammals since mammals do not lay eggs
18
Q
which about feathers is not correct
featherless areas are called apteria
they are formed from keratin and developed in epidermis
primary flight feather on the wing originate from the area over the ulna
they are arranged in well-defined linear tracts called pterylae
A
primary flight feather on the wing originate from the area over the ulna
19
Q
which is not a domestication criterion:
flexible diet
steady temperament
reasonable growth rate
rigid social hierarchy
A
rigid social hierarchy
20
Q
which body system is least necessary for day-to-day life and maintenance of homeostasis
A
reproductive system
21
Q
which of following is incorrect
thoracic vertebrae atriculate with the ribs
coccygeal vertebrae are found in the tail
the axis is the first cervical vertebrae
all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
A
the axis is the first cervical vertebrae
22
Q
which bones are found between the distal carpal bones and phalanges in the dog
A
metacarpals
23
Q
the oesophagus is an example of
A
an organ
24
Q
the basic limb pattern of terrestrial mammals is known as pentadactyl because
A
the basic body plan for most mammals has 5 digits on each limb
25
which of following is part of cranium
parietal
maxilla
incisive
axis
parietal
26
A flatworm that is an obligate parasite, that lives in the intestine or other organs (liver, blood or lungs) of its definitive host, has a well formed gastrovascular cavity that opens through an oral sucker, and which attaches to the host by means of that oral sucker and a ventral sucker, belongs to a group called
class trematoda (flukes)
27
The acanthocephalan Macracanthocephalus hirudinaceous is transmitted to pigs by
ingestion of infected beetles
28
In the process of ecdysis, an organism:
sheds its exoskeleton (cuticle) and replaces it with a larger exoskeleton.
29
In the life cycle of the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, the canine host is infected by:
being bitten by a mosquito that is infected with larvae of the worm.
30
Insects of which the stage that hatches from the egg appears similar to the adult but are smaller, and which do not undergo pupation are said to use _______ development. An example of an insect with this form of development is a ______
hemimetabolous, louse
31
An innovation in body plan seen in the arthropods compared with their worm-like ancestors, and which enabled greater control and specialisation of body parts than that of those ancestors, is that of
tagmosis
32
Adult female lice lays their eggs
on feathers or hair of host
33
Organisms that are elongate, non-segmented, that moult, and possess a pseudocoelomic body cavity are commonly called
nematodes
34
In the life cycle of the roundworm Parascaris equorum, a foal becomes infected
by eating parasite egg
35
A disease or disease organism that can be transferred from an animal to a human host is called a
zoonosis
36
he serially repeated units in a tapeworm body that are involved in reproduction are called
proglottids
37
The beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata) is an important parasite of cattle. Outline the life cycle of this species, noting how cattle are infected and where in the cattle the parasites are found. You may use dot points.
- Human is final/ definitive host, lives in small intestine
- Gravid proglottids breaks free and passes w feces
- Eaten by intermediate host cattle
- Gets into muscle; infective larva, waits until eaten by definitive host (human)
- Takes 12 weeks to grow into adult in human
38
Insects have successfully invaded the terrestrial environment, and are found virtually anywhere on land. List THREE (3) adaptations that have enabled insects to succeed on land.
- Very adaptable body plan
- Ability to thrive in range of environments
- Body segmented; linear blocks, allowing greater control of body function, local control of body regions; specialization of regions
- Segments then have become fused allowing even greater control of body regions and specialization (head, thorax, abdomen)
- Exoskeleton w jointed appendages
39
true or false: adult ticks have 4 pairs of legs
true
40
true or false: adult insects have 2 tagmata; cephalothorax and abdomen
false
41
true or false: most species of crustacea are aquatic
true
42
true or false: antennae are features of chelicerates
false
43
true or false: mouthparts of ticks include chelicerae and hypostome
true
44
true or false: mites are always parasitic
false
45
3 ways fleas can harm their host
- Direct harm: flea bite allergy (hypersensitivity), blood loss → anemia in kittens, pups and also adult animals
- Vector; bacteria (plague, cat scratch disease= bartonella), virus (myxomatosis)
- Intermediate host; fleas host to cucumber tapeworm of dogs and cats: dipylidium caninum
46
To which group of mosquitoes does the Australian backyard mosquito belong? Select one alternative:
container-breeding mosquitoes
47
Which of the following factors IS important in defining the ability of mosquitoes to act as a vector? (Refer to the ‘vector competence’ concept.)
Isolation of virus from wild-caught mosquitoes.
48
What is a morphological character that can help distinguish male from female mosquitoes with the naked eye?
antennae in males are bushier/ hairier than females
49
Which one of the following is NOT a feature of Deuterostomes?
A coelom that is derived from the mesoderm
The anus is formed from the blastopore
Radial cleavage during embryonic development
Radial symmetry
radial symmetry
50
Which one of the following is NOT a common feature that defines Chordates?
Notochord
Neural crest cells
Pharyngeal slits
Muscular, post-anal tail
neural crest cells
51
Which one of the following statements about ascidians, also called sea squirts (Subphylum Urochordata, Class Ascidiacea), is NOT correct?
They possess neural crest cells which were once thought to be the preserve of vertebrates.
Although urochordates and vertebrates likely evolved from a common ancestor, ascidians possesses all four chordate features in the adult.
Their nerve cord, just like that of vertebrates, contains ciliated ependymal cells surrounding a fluid-filled neurocoel.
Their circulatory system includes a rudimentary heart and blood cells, some of which resemble vertebrate lymphocytes.
Although urochordates and vertebrates likely evolved from a common ancestor, ascidians possesses all four chordate features in the adult.
52
Which one of the following statements about fish from the class Chondrichthyes is NOT correct? Select one alternative:
They depend on internal fertilisation and females of different species are either oviparous (produce young in egg cases) or viviparous (deliver free-swimming young).
Their skeleton is almost entirely cartilage except for the gelatinous notochord that is supported by a vertebral column that contains small areas of bone.
They have placoid scales consisting of dentine and enamel that develop in the dermis but project through the epidermis to form surface denticles.
They lack a swim bladder and rely on large livers with a high oil content and large pectoral fins to maintain buoyancy.
Their skeleton is almost entirely cartilage except for the gelatinous notochord that is supported by a vertebral column that contains small areas of bone.
53
Which one of the following is NOT an adaptation of the integument of amphibians to a terrestrial existence?
Capillary beds within the epidermis
Loss of the lateral line system in adults
A greatly reduced surface area to body mass ratio
A very thin stratum corneum
A greatly reduced surface area to body mass ratio
54
Which one of the following statements about the integument of amphibians is NOT correct?
Eyelids and tear glands develop at metamorphosis.
Aposematic colouration enables larvae (e.g. tadpoles) to camouflage themselves within their environment to avoid predators.
Granular glands, also known as poison glands, secrete a milky secretion that is distasteful and may be toxic if ingested.
Mucous is continuously secreted from glands to help prevent dehydration; this mucous also plays a limited role in preventing the entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, into the skin.
Aposematic colouration enables larvae (e.g. tadpoles) to camouflage themselves within their environment to avoid predators.
55
Which one of the following statements about the amniotic egg is NOT correct?
The allantois contains the urine produced by the fetus and contributes to the placenta in eutherian species.
The chorion is the outermost extraembryonic membrane and contributes to the placenta in eutherian species.
The amnion is fluid-filled and protects the embryo from mechanical shock.
The evolution of the amniotic egg enabled vertebrates to assume a terrestrial existence giving rise to reptiles and birds, but not mammals since mammals do not lay eggs.
The evolution of the amniotic egg enabled vertebrates to assume a terrestrial existence giving rise to reptiles and birds, but not mammals since mammals do not lay eggs.
56
Which one of the following statements about Testudines is NOT correct?
The Cryptodira contract their neck into their shell and include the marine turtles and tortoises.
Turtles inhabit marine and freshwater habitats whereas tortoises are terrestrial.
They possess keratinous ridges in place of teeth and so all species are herbivorous.
Osteoderms fuse to form the carapace dorsally and the plastron ventrally.
They possess keratinous ridges in place of teeth and so all species are herbivorous.
57
Which one of the following statements about the skeleton of reptiles is NOT correct?
Like their Labyrinthodont ancestors, they lack defined cervical vertebrae and have poorly defined thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Their forelimbs and hindlimbs are very similar to those of mammals and there are five digits on each of the manus and pes.
They have a pelvic girdle that consists of an ilium, ischium and pubis; small epipubic bones may project from the pubic symphysis.
They have a pectoral girdle that consists of a scapula, coracoid, clavicle and inter-clavicle; in some species the clavicle is lost.
Like their Labyrinthodont ancestors, they lack defined cervical vertebrae and have poorly defined thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
58
Which one of the following statements about the heart of reptiles is NOT correct?
Reptiles have separate pulmonary and systemic circulations.
The typical reptilian heart has two atria and one ventricle and the overall structure varies very little across the species.
The heart of reptiles has adapted to a terrestrial existence where individuals have a higher metabolic rate, with greater oxygen demands, than their amphibian ancestors.
There may be some mixing of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood in the ventricle.
The typical reptilian heart has two atria and one ventricle and the overall structure varies very little across the species.
59
Which one of the following statements about air sacs is NOT correct?
They send diverticula into pneumatic bones including the humerus and femur.
They are highly vascularised and play an important role in gas exchange.
They are blind-ending, thin-walled extensions of the bronchi.
They function as bellows and communicate with the lungs.
They are highly vascularised and play an important role in gas exchange.
60
Which one of the following statements about the circulatory system in birds is NOT correct?
Birds have higher blood pressure and their heart beats at a faster rate than in mammals.
The heart is proportionally smaller because of the evolutionary pressure to reduce weight to enable flight .
The heart has two atria and two ventricles that are completely separated preventing the mixing of systemic and pulmonary blood.
Birds have a higher metabolic rate than mammals and their cardiovascular system has a higher efficiency.
The heart is proportionally smaller because of the evolutionary pressure to reduce weight to enable flight .
Heart proportionally much larger
61
Which one of the following is NOT a defining feature of monotremes?
Oviparity
The presence of epipubic bones
The production of venom
Electroreception
The presence of epipubic bones
62
platypus chromosomes
females 10X
males 5X5Y
63
echidna chromosomes
females 10X
males 5X4Y
64
Which one of the following is NOT a karyotype from a monotreme?
X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10 (ten X chromosomes)
X1X2X3X4X5Y1Y2Y3Y4 (five X chromosomes, four Y chromosomes)
X1X2X3X4X5Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5 (five X chromosomes, five Y chromosomes)
X1X2X3X4Y1Y2Y3Y4 (four X chromosomes, four Y chromosomes)
X1X2X3X4Y1Y2Y3Y4 (four X chromosomes, four Y chromosomes)
64
Which one of the following statements about marsupials is NOT correct?
Some marsupials form a placenta.
Some, but not all, marsupials possess a pouch.
Young are born in an altricial state.
Marsupials are primitive mammals because they ‘rely more on lactation than gestation’ in their reproduction.
Marsupials are primitive mammals because they ‘rely more on lactation than gestation’ in their reproduction.
65
Which one of the following karyotypes would give rise to a kangaroo with a male reproductive tract AND a pouch?
XY
XO
XX
XXY
XXY
66
Which one of the following statements about the female marsupial reproductive tract is NOT correct? They possess:
Two ovaries
One median vagina they have one median vagina plus one left and one right vagina (so this is correct)
Two lateral vaginae
One uterus
One uterus
they have 2
67
Which one of the following is NOT a stage of embryogenesis?
Gastrulation
Metamorphosis
Fertilisation
Organogenesis
metamorphosis
68
Which one of the following statements about embryonic development is NOT correct?
The cortical reaction prevents polyspermy.
During contact, the head of the spermatozoon fuses with the vitelline layer of the egg.
The acrosomal reaction is one mechanism that prevents interspecies breeding in non mammalian species.
Haploid sperm and egg give rise to a diploid zygote.
During contact, the head of the spermatozoon fuses with the vitelline layer of the egg.
69
Which one of the following statements about holoblastic cleavage is NOT correct?
The end-result is a hollow ball of cells called a blastula or blastocyst.
Yolk is concentrated at the vegetal pole.
Smaller blastomeres form in the animal hemisphere.
The third division produces 8 cells all of equal size.
The third division produces 8 cells all of equal size.
70
During embryogenesis in the mouse, which structure forms the embryo?
Trophoblast
Inner cell mass
Zona pellucida
Blastocoel
inner mass cell
71
Which one of the following is NOT an end-result of gastrulation?
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Periderm
Mesoderm
periderm
72
Which one of the following statements about the developmental potential of cells is NOT correct?
Induced pluripotent stem cells are adult cells that have been converted into pluripotent cells that can form all cell types of the embryo.
Pluripotent cells can form all cell types of the embryo but not the extraembryonic (placental) tissues.
Multipotent cells are adult stem cells that can form all cell types in the body.
Totipotent cells can form all cell types of the embryo and the extraembryonic (placental) tissues.
Multipotent cells are adult stem cells that can form all cell types in the body.
73
Which one of the following is NOT a key trait in the evolution of dogs?
An expanded cranium to accommodate a larger brain and increased intelligence
The development of carnassial teeth that enable the shearing of meat
The development of binocular vision to facilitate hunting
Elongation of the limbs and feet to facilitate faster running
The development of binocular vision to facilitate hunting
74
Which one of the following statements about the evolution and domestication of dogs is NOT correct?
Dog is the first domesticated species and the only large carnivore to be domesticated.
Dogs and grey wolves evolved from a now extinct common wolf ancestor.
Dogs were domesticated after humans transitioned to agricultural societies likely as a result of farmers adopting docile wolves.
Dogs are likely to have been domesticated twice from separate wolf populations in Europe and Asia.
Dogs were domesticated after humans transitioned to agricultural societies likely as a result of farmers adopting docile wolves.
75
Which one of the following is NOT a trait of indicine (zebu) cattle?
A hump at the shoulders and droopy ears
Increased tolerance of heat and humidity
Bred predominantly for milk production
Increased tolerance of cattle ticks
Bred predominantly for milk production
76
Which one of the following is NOT a key trait associated with the evolution of horses?
The transition to high-crowned molars
The development of a diastema
The loss of digits I, II, IV and V
Elongation of the metacarpals and metatarsals
development of diastema
77
Which one of the following is NOT a key trait that has facilitated the domestication of dogs?
A refined ability to interpret each other’s moods which also enables them to read human gestures
A hierarchical order where individuals communicate their dominance over others
Strong kinship ties and the ability to work co-operatively for the benefit of each other
A suspicion of outsiders meaning that they will only care for young that are their own
A suspicion of outsiders meaning that they will only care for young that are their own
78
Which one of the following statements about aurochs as compared to modern cattle breeds is NOT correct?
Their skulls were larger and more elongated.
Their legs were longer and more slender.
They lacked, or possessed only rudimentary, horns.
Their forehand was larger than their rear.
They lacked, or possessed only rudimentary, horns.
their horns were larger
79
Which one of the following statements about domesticated chickens as compared to wild fowl is NOT correct?
They are less active and have an increased body weight.
They have fewer social interactions and are less aggressive.
They reach sexual maturity earlier and hens produce larger eggs.
They have stronger immune responses and greater resistance to disease.
They have stronger immune responses and greater resistance to disease.
80
Which one of the following statements about the domestication of horses is NOT correct?
All extant domesticated horses are derived from one founder stallion (or to closely related stallions).
Domesticated horses have narrower metacarpals than wild horses.
A mutation in the Myostatin gene is responsible for the speed of thoroughbreds.
Domestication occurred many times on different continents.
Domestication occurred many times on different continents.
81
The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is descended from which subspecies of wildcat?
Near Eastern wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica)
Central Asian wildcat (Felis silvestris ornata)
Sub-Saharan African wildcat (Felis silvestris cafra)
European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris)
Near Eastern wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica)
82
The term ‘rostral’ refers to:
Towards the nose for structures on the head and neck only
Towards the nose for structures on the head only
The top side of the paw of the front foot
The underside of the paw of the front foot
Towards the nose for structures on the head only
83
With reference to human and animal anatomical terms, which of the following statements is NOT correct?
'Posterior' in humans is equivalent to 'dorsal' in animals.
'Superior' in humans is equivalent to 'cranial' in animals.
'Anterior' in humans is equivalent to 'ventral' in animals.
'Palmar' in humans is equivalent to 'plantar' in animals.
'Palmar' in humans is equivalent to 'plantar' in animals.
84
A 'tissue’ is best defined as:
A single flat, very thin sheet of cells; usually only one cell thick.
Collections of only one cell type.
Organised collections of many different cell types that from complex structure with multiple functions.
Collections of a small number of cell types, usually of the same embryological origin, that usually work together to form a specific task.
Collections of a small number of cell types, usually of the same embryological origin, that usually work together to form a specific task.
85
Which of the following body systems generates body heat to support a constant body temperature?
The musculoskeletal system
The digestive system
The integument
The respiratory system
The musculoskeletal system
86
Which of the following is NOT a secondary function of the respiratory system?
Regulation of hydration
Thermoregulation
Vocalisation
Olfaction
regulation of hydration
87
A vertebra with a relatively short spinous process but long transverse processes is most likely to be a:
Caudal (coccygeal) vertebra
Lumbar vertebra
Cervical vertebra
Thoracic vertebra
lumbar
88
Which one of the following statements about the humerus is FALSE?
The humerus has a slightly twisted appearance as evidenced by the musculospiral groove.
The head of the humerus articulates proximally with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
The sides of the distal end of the humerus are known as the medial and lateral epicondyles.
The distal end of the humerus articulates with the ulna only.
The distal end of the humerus articulates with the ulna only.
89
Which one of the following statements about the frontal bone is FALSE?
The frontal bones lies rostral to the parietal bone.
The frontal bone protects the brain.
The frontal bone helps protect the orbit (eye).
The frontal bone forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
The frontal bone forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
90
Which of the following factors IS important in defining the ability of mosquitoes to act as a vector?
Isolation of virus from wild-caught mosquitoes
91
In addition to the use of insecticides, what action is more likely to interrupt the life cycle of container-breeding mosquitoes and lower the number of mosquitoes in the environment?
Protecting rainwater tanks with adequate mosquito-proof screens
92
Describe the adaptations that enable forward movement in nematodes. (3 marks) (b) What external environmental condition is essential for nematodes to move through their environment?
muscles attached so as to flex body in one plane; actually dorso-ventral
Muscles act on exoskeleton which is rigid, resilient and flexible, muscles bend
Hydro skelton; high internal pressure acts to bring body straight
Movement is serpentine (snake like, S shaped flexing)
Move in aquatic, interstitial or across substrates
93
Why is Parascaris equorum of significance for veterinary sciences? In your answer, give an account of the life cycle of the parasite indicating where it harms its hosts.
- It is an important parasite of horses as it has many effects such as colic, decreased energy levels, intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation and pneumonia.
- Adult parasites are in the small intestine of a horse.
- Eggs are passed out in faeces.
- Eggs mature on pasture and can survive for years.
- Eggs are ingested by horses, usually foals.
- the eggs hatch in the small intestine of the horse.
- Larvae penetrate the small intestine walls and enter blood vessels. (cause harm)
- They migrate to the lungs where they cause the alveoli to burst. (cause harm)
- They travel up the trachea where they are swallowed and enter the intestines again.
94
label tapeworm from top to bottom
- scolex; part attached to host
- neck
- immature proglottids
- mature proglottids around middle
- bottom is gravid proglottids (egg bearing), parts that break free
- strobila; neck plus all proglottids
95
The Platyhelminthes (flatworms) are:
acoelomate or coelomate or pseudocoelomate??
skeletal system??
body symmetry??
segmented??
- acoelomate
- lack skeletal system
- body symmetry
- not segmented
96
1 A major feature of the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke of sheep and cattle, is:
Development of larvae in faeces, followed by their migration across pasture to be eaten by the mammal host
Transmission between mammal hosts by a blood-feeding mosquito
Transmission between mammal hosts by a blood-feeding tick
An obligatory phase of parasitism in a snail intermediate host
An obligatory phase of parasitism in a snail intermediate host
97
Organisms that are segmented, possess an exoskeleton, a body plan typically consisting of cephalothorax and abdomen, and which possess defining mouthpart appendages termed chelicerae are known informally as:
Spiders, ticks, and mites
98
The success of insects in the terrestrial environment can be attributed to many factors, including which of the following?
- internal fertilization
- efficient excretory system that extracts water form nitrogenous wastes
- highly advanced and adaptable nervous system
- efficient resp system
99
Which of the following statement about fleas is TRUE?
Fleas display holometabolous development.
All stages of the life cycle of fleas are found on a host.
Adult fleas are dorsoventrally compressed, being much wider than they are high.
Adult fleas gain nutrition by chewing on skin and hair of their hosts.
Fleas display holometabolous development.
recall fleas larva have chewing mouthparts and adults have sucking
100
List THREE (3) ways by which adult and larval stages of flies and mosquitoes can cause disease in animals.
myiasis: where maggots grow on living tissue of animals;
blood sucking
pathogen transmission
101
organism that forms tunnels in the skin of animals and humans is the
scabies mite
102
T/F
A defining feature of Deuterostomes is the presence of a notochord.
false
103
T/F
Ascidians possess all four chordate features in the adult.
false
104
T/F:
Fish from the class Chondrichthyes lack a swim bladder and rely on a large liver with a high oil content and large pectoral fins to maintain buoyancy.
true
105
T/F
Aposematic colouration enables larvae (e.g., tadpoles) to camouflage themselves within their environment to avoid predators.
false
106
T/F
Anapsid skulls lack temporal fenestrae, diapsid skulls have two temporal fenestrae, and
synapsid skulls have one temporal fenestra.
true
107
T/F
the karyotype XXY would give rise to a kangaroo with a male reproductive tract and a pouch.
true
108
T/F
The female marsupial reproductive tract consists of two ovaries, two oviducts, one uterus, one median vagina, and two lateral vaginae.
false
109
Which TWO of the following undergo meroblastic cleavage?
Monotremes
Amphibians
Birds
Marsupials
monotremes and birds
110
Which TWO of the following are traits of indicine (zebu) cattle?
Increased tolerance of heat and drought
Increased resistance to cattle ticks
Bred predominantly for milk production
Are more aggressive than taurine cattle
Increased tolerance of heat and drought
Increased resistance to cattle ticks
111
Which of the following are key traits in the evolution of horses? select all that apply
The transition to high-crowned molars
Elongation of the metacarpals and metatarsals
The loss of digits I, II, IV and V
The development of a diastema
The transition to high-crowned molars
Elongation of the metacarpals and metatarsals
The loss of digits I, II, IV and V
112
Which of the following are key traits in the evolution of dogs?
The development of binocular vision to facilitate hunting
The development of carnassial teeth that enable the shearing of meat
An expanded cranium to accommodate a larger brain and increased intelligence
Elongation of the limbs and feet to facilitate faster running
The development of carnassial teeth that enable the shearing of meat
An expanded cranium to accommodate a larger brain and increased intelligence
Elongation of the limbs and feet to facilitate faster running
113
The amniotic egg consists of which extraembryonic membranes?
Yolk sac
Chorion
Alantois
Amnion
114
Which TWO of the following statements about marsupials are CORRECT?
Select two alternatives:
All marsupials possess a pouch.
Marsupials are primitive mammals because they ‘rely more on lactation than gestation’ in
their reproduction.
Some marsupials form a placenta.
Young are born in an altricial state.
Some marsupials form a placenta.
Young are born in an altricial state.
115
The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is descended from which subspecies of wildcat?
Near Eastern wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica)
116
Which one of the following is NOT a common feature that defines Chordates?
Muscular, post-anal tail
Neural crest cells
Pharyngeal slits
Notochord
Neural crest cells
117
Anatomically, a sagittal section is best described as one that divides the body:
Along a vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the animal
118
A male dog urinates against a post. Which of the following best describes the joints of the hind leg that he holds up in the air while urinating?
Flexed and abducted hip, flexed stifle, flexed tarsus
119
The small intestine is an example of
organ
120
Which one of the following body systems is the most diverse structurally and functionally in domestic animals?
digestive system
121
Which of the following is NOT part of the musculoskeletal system?
Articular cartilage
Bones
Ligaments
Smooth muscle
smooth muscle
122
A vertebra with a relatively short spinous process but long transverse processes is most likely to be a
lumbar
123
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the atlas?
Transverse foramina
A large, overhanging spinous process
Joint surfaces that articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull
Large transverse processes also called ‘wings’ or alar processes
A large, overhanging spinous process
124
Which of the following best describes the bones of the digits of the dog?
Proximal, middle and distal phalanges in all digits except digit 1 which has only proximal and distal phalanges.
