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DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology > Fungi - opportunistic + systemic mycoses > Flashcards

Fungi - opportunistic + systemic mycoses Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Opportunistic mycoses - normal habitat + predisposing factors + lesion characteristics

A

Saprophytes or commensals

Invasive w compromised host defences

Localised + granulomatous lesions

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2
Q

Aspergillosis - spp (4) + route of infection

A

A. fumigatus
A. flavus
A. niger
A. terreus

Inhalation of conidia

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3
Q

Aspergillosis - disease host + characteristics

A

Respiratory disease in birds

Caseating tubercles w hyphae

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4
Q

Thrush - agent + habitat + susceptible hosts

A

Candida albidans
Commensal of skin/mucous membranes

Young animals, pregnant, corticosteroid admin, immunocompromise, endocrinopathies etc.

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5
Q

Thrush - tx

A

Oral nystatin
Fluconazole for UTIs
CuSO4 in water (birds)

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6
Q

Enzootic lymphangitis in horses - agent

A

Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum

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7
Q

Enzootic lymphangitis in horses - route + pathogenesis

A

Entry via wound (legs)
> spread through lymphatics
> chronic ulcerative lesions
> necrotic/pyogenic/granulomatous rxn

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8
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - source + route of infection

A

Environmental fungus
Inhalation/wound infection/teat canal

No transmission b/w animals

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9
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - VFs (1_

A

Capsule - inhibits phagocytosis + activates complement + inh leukotaxis + adsorbs opsonins + depresses Ab synthesis

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10
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - Host facts (1)

A

CMI deficit important

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11
Q

Chronic ulcerative lymphangitis - agent + habitat

A

Sporothrix schenckii

Dead plant material

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12
Q

Rhinosporidium seeberi - dz + host

A

chronic nasal/ocular infections

Horses, cattle, humans

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13
Q

Pythium insidiosum - dz + host + normal habitat

A

Chronic ulcerative lesions on lower limbs/abdomen w yellow kunkers

Horses (nth Aus)

Saprophytic in water-logged pastures

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14
Q

Pneumocystis carinii

A

Opportunistic pathogen in lungs of immunocompromised dogs

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15
Q

Mycotic abortion - agents (5)

A 
Mortierella
Aspergillus
Candida tropicalis
Caphalosporium
Mucor pusillus
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16
Q

Mycotic abortion - pathogenesis

A 
Inhalation/ingestion of spores
> haematogenous spread
> localisation in placenta 
>placental infarction
> abortion
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17
Q

Mycotic mastitis - agents (3)

A

Cryptococcus
Candida
Trichosporon

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18
Q

Mycotic mastitis - pathogenesis

A

Entry via intramammary infusions/milking
> C. neoformans = permanent agalactia
> other fungi = recovery

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19
Q

Mycotic mastitis - tx

A

Don’t treat as antifungals damage gland

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20
Q

Mycotic rumenitis/gastritis - Agents (5)

A 
Absidia
Aspergillus
Candida
Mucor
Rhizopus
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21
Q

Mycotic rumenitis - apthogenesis

A

AM therapy/lactic acidosis
> disruption of normal flora
> infarction of mucosa

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22
Q

Mycotic rumenitis - tx

A

Ineffective

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23
Q

Mycotic keratitis - spp. (5)

Study These Flashcards
A 
Aspergillus
Candida
Drechslera
Fusarium
Penicillum
24
Q

Mycotic keratitis - pathogenesis

Study These Flashcards
A

Corneal injury/secondary infection

25
Guttural pouch mycosis -agents (2)
Aspergillus | Mucor
26
Guttural pouch mycosis - pathogenesis
Unilateral infection | > extension to internal carotid a. + adjacent nerves
27
Guttural pouch mycosis - tx
ligation of internal carotid a.
28
Mycotic mycetoma - agents (6) + habitat
``` Cladosporium Curvularia Fonsecaea Helminthosporium Petriellidium Phialophora ``` saprophytes - soil + decaying plant matter
29
Mycotic mycetoma - route + location of lesions
Entry via skin wounds on lower limbs
30
Phaeohyphomycosis - agnets (3)
Dreschslera Cladosporium Curvularia
31
Phaeohyphomycosis - lesions
Chronic nodular/ulcerating lesions on lower limbs
32
Prototheca - lesions
``` Disseminated dz > haemorrhagic diarrhoea > CNS/eye involvement > cutaneous cases > mastitis ```
33
Prototheca - tx
Amphotericin B
34
Dermatophytes - genera (2) + habitat types (3)
Microsporum Trichophyton Nannizzia Geophilic (soil) Zoophilic (animals) Anthropophilic (humans)
35
Ringworm - agents + route of transmission
Dermatophytes (Microsporum/trichopyton/Nannizzia) Spread by exposure to contam'd soil/other infected animals
36
Dermatophytes - growth requirements (3)
Dependent on keratin High humidity/T facilitate growth Conidia survive in moist environments
37
Ringworm - pathogenesis
Conidia enter by skin abrasion > germinate + hyphae grow in stratum corneum > hyphae invade hair follicles + penetrate hair cortex > hair breaks + falls out > hyperkeratosis + centrifugal spread = ring lesions
38
Ringworm - immunity
CMI important Delayed hypersensitivity rxn to Ag (keratinase/glycoprotein) Resistance to reinfection = local or general
39
Ringworm - dx
Skin scraping to ID hyphae/arthroconidia | Culture on Sabouraud's agar
40
Ringworm - tx (5)
UV light Topical iodine/lime-sulfur Topical imidazoles Oral griseofulvin Environmental disinfection w L-S/formaldehyde
41
Ringworm - host factors (1)
Young > old
42
Dermatophyte spp + habitat + natural host (9)
``` M. canis - zoophilic - cat N. gypseum - geophilic - dog N. nana - geophilic - pigs M distortum - zoophilic - primates M. audouini - anthropophilic M. gallinae - zoophilic - chickens T. verrucosum - zoophilic - cattle T. equinium - zoophilic - horses T. mentagrophytes - zoophilic - variable ```
43
Systemic mycoses - pathogenesis
Infection of lungs by environmental exposure > systemic invasion > chronic progressive granulomatous lesions
44
Blastomyces dermatitidis - habitat + route of infection
Soil saprophyte | > inhalation of conidia (cool/wet months)
45
Blastomyces dermatitidis - affected spp.
Dogs + horses Cats resistant
46
Coccidioides immitis - pathogenesis
Inhalation of conidia (low infective dose) > URT infection involving mediastinal/bronchial LNs > recovery then immunity
47
Coccidioides immitis - host factors
Females resistant | Pigmented skin facilitates dissemination
48
Histoplasma capsulatum - pathogenesis
``` Inhaled conidia (faecally-enriched soil) > phagocytosed by MP + disseminated intracellularly > lungs, GI, kidney, CNS, bone marrow, skin ```
49
Systemic mycoses - tx (3)
Polyene AM (amphotericin B, nystatin) Imidazoles NaI
50
Fusarium graminearum - mycotoxin + habitat + dz
Zearalenone on maize (stored wet/hot then period at low T) > genital hypertrophy in pigs (vulval/preputial swelling)
51
Perennial ryegrass staggers - agent + toxin + signs
Neotyphodiuml lolii (fungus) - Alkaloids (toxin) - Lolium perenne (pasture) Muscle spasms, incoordination
52
Aspergillus flavus - toxin + habitat
Aflatoxins = inhibit RNA/protein synthesis | - on most solid foods (if stored warm/wet)
53
Ergotism - agents (2) + toxin + habitat + signs
Claviceps purpurea - rye/grain Claviceps paspali - Paspalum crop Toxin = ergotamine (LSA derivative) > CNS stim then depression > Adrenergic stim = vasoconstrction + thrombosis/ischaemia + gangrene
54
Phomopsis leptostromiformis
Saprophyte of green plants (winter)/dying plants (summer)
55
Facial eczema in ruminants - toxin
Sporidesmin > hepatocellular dmg + cholangitis > obstructive jaundice > failure to excrete phylloerythrin = UV active = photosensitisation
56
Black soil blindness in cattle - what plant + fungus + signs
Mitchell grass (Astrebla) Carallocytostroma spp. > high rainfall seasons > blindness + death
57
Cyanobacteria - growth conditions + pathogenesis
Stagnant water bodies in drought > eutrophication (↑ P/N/CO2) > algal growth + concentration on surface > ingestion > hepatocellular dmg

DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology (9 decks)

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