Spirochaetes + Mollicutes Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

Spirochaete spp. (4)

A

Brachyspira
Borrelia
Leptospira
Treponema

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2
Q

Brachyspira - habitat + metabolism

A

Oral cavity/GIT

Obligate anaerobes

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3
Q

Swine dysentery - agent + manifestation

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

- Necrosis/erosion of colonic mucosa = maladsorption + bloody diarrhoea

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4
Q

Brachyspira pilosicoli - disease + host

A

mild persistent diarrhoea of pigs (post-weaning)

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5
Q

Brachyspira intermedia
Brachyspira alvinipulli
- disease + host

A

Diarrhoea in adult chickens

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6
Q

Swine dysentery - agent + origin + route of infection

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

  • asymptomatic Carrier animals
  • Faeco-oral > ingestion
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7
Q

Swine dysentery - agent + VFs (2)

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

  • Ag variation (9 serotypes)
  • Cytotoxin (haemolysin)
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8
Q

Borrelia - reservoir + spp./vectors

A

Tick reservoir

  • B. anserina = Argus persicus
  • B. burgdorferi = Ixodid ticks (Ixodes holocyclus)
  • B. theileri = Boophilus/Rhipicephalus
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9
Q

Avian spirochaetosis - agent + manifestation

A

Borrela anserina

> anaemia, fever, depression, diarrhoea

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10
Q

Tick spirochaetosis - agent + host + manifestation

A

Borrelia theileri

> mild febrile dz in cattle + anaemia/weight loss

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11
Q

Leptospirosis - source + route of infection

A

Maintenance host - each serovar w specific host

Shed in urine > direct contact

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12
Q

Leptospirosis - host factors (2)

A

Maintenance host = mild/chronic dz (abortion, infertility, nephritis) + carrier state

Incidental host (dz depends on herd immune status)

  • acute dz = sepsis, endotox., hepatitis, nephritis, agalactia
  • chornic dz = aboriton, nephritis, infertility
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13
Q

Leptospirosis - pathogenesis

A

Contact w contam environment/urine
> mucous membranes/dmg’d skin
> bacteraemia = endothelial dmg
> localisation/proliferation

Incidental host = tissue dmg + strong Ab response > recovery/elimination or death

Maintenance host = nephritis + leptospiruria

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14
Q

Leptospirosis - serovars + hosts (4)

A

L. interrogans sv icterohaemorrhagiae = dogs
L. interrogans sv pomona = pigs, humans
L. borgpetersenii sv hardjobovis = cattle, humans
L. borgpetersenii sv tarrosovi = pigs

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15
Q

Leptospirosis - VFs (2)

A

Haemolysin

Endotoxin

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16
Q

Leptospirosis - host factors (1)

A

Herd immune status important in manifestation of disease (acute vs subclin)

17
Q

Leptospirosis - immunity (3)

A

Serovar-specific Ab
Vax available = protective + reduces shedding
Passive Ab = protective

18
Q

Mollicuttes - sp + morphology + habitat

A

Mycoplasma - don’t gram stain (no cell wall)
- Fried egg colony (fastidious requirements)

Obligate extracellular parasites of mucous membranes

19
Q

Mollicutes - VFs (4)

A

No cell wall = don’t gram stain (use Giemsa)
- susceptible to osmotic shock/dessication
Attachment organelle
Motile
Host damage dt immune response

20
Q

Mollicutes - AM use (3)

A

Sensitive to tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides

Resistant to penicillins/cephalosporains (no cell wall)
Resistanat to sulphonamides/trimethoprim

21
Q

Mollicutes - dx (3)

A

PCR
Immunofluorescence
Serology (ELISA, agglutination)

22
Q

Mollicutes - general pathogenesis

A
Adhere to mucosa (attachment organelle)
> minor chronic infections (persistent)
> bacteraemia
> localisation in joints/tissues
> predisposition to secondary infections
23
Q

Mollicutes - source + transmission

A
Source = other animals of same sp. 
Transmit = aerosols, STI, milking, vertically in eggs
24
Q

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia - agent

A

Mycoplasma mycoides ssp mycoides

25
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia - pathogenesis
Infection via aerosols from carrier cattle > colonisation of LRT > acute phase = neut exudation into airways, necrosis, oedema, serous pleural effusions > chronic phase = lymphocytic inflamm > bacteraemia > localisation in joints/kidneys/placenta > persistence in necrotic lung sequestrums = carrier animals
26
Mycoplasma gallisepticum - hosts (2) + diseases
``` Chickens = tracheitis + airsacculitis Turkeys = sinusitis + airsacculitis ```
27
Mycoplasma gallisepticum - pathogenesis
Infection via aerosols/direct contact/vertical in egg > attaches to sialic acid-R on RT epithelium (adhesins) > disease exacerbated by concurrent infection, stress, high NH3 in env etc. > immunity following disease (carrier + transmission)
28
Enzootic pneumonia of pigs - agent
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
29
Enzootic pneumonia of pigs - host factors (2)
Pigs > 6w old | Continuous mixed-age pig populations = cycle of infection
30
Enzootic pneumonia of pigs - source + route + pathogenesis
Inf via inhalation of aerosols from infected pigs > adheres to ciliated RT epithelium > ciliostasis + loss of cilia > low grade pneumonia + cough
31
Enzootic pneumonia of pigs - dx (2)
Giemsa stained impression smears of pneumonic lungs | Confirmation by immunofluorescence
32
Haemophilic Mycoplasmas
M. haemofelis = feline infectious anaemia M. haemomuris M. haemobovis
33
Feline infectious anaemia - habitat + dz
Infects surface of erythrocytes > haemolytic anaemia dt erthrophagocytosis > fever
34
Feline infectious anaemia - route of transmit (3)
Vertical Bite wounds (young males) Lice/ticks
35
Feline infectious anaemia - host factors
Coinfection w FeLV/FIV > clinical disease
36
Feline infectious anaemia - dx
Giemsa-stained blood smears