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DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology > Gram negatives (non-Enterobacteriaceae) > Flashcards

Gram negatives (non-Enterobacteriaceae) Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Bordetella - morphology + metabolism + pathogenic spp.

A

Gram - rods
Obligate aerobes

B. bronchiseptica = canine infectious tracheobronchitis/atrophic rhinitis (po)
B. avium = contagious rhinotracheitis (turkey coryza)

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2
Q

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis - VFs (5)

A 
Adhesion proteins (haemagglutinin, peractin, fimbriae) = cilial attachment
Fe-binding proteins = multiplication in tissues
Tracheal cytotoxin = impairs cilia
LPS = inflammatory response
Adenylate cyclase = inhibits phag
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3
Q

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis - host factors (2)

A

Coinfection w respiratory viruses (parainfluenza, CAD2)/Mycoplasma

Prior ciliary damage facilitates adhesion (viruses, ↑ gas env)

Inf predisposes to further infections

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4
Q

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis - agent + + source of inf + pathogenesis

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Inf via aerosol inhalation (from other dogs)
> attach to tracheal cilia w adhesion proteins
> Multiply locally (Fe-scavenging from host)
> inflamm response + impaired ciliary function + impaired phagocytosis
> exudate accumulates = predispose to secondary inf
> cough
> recovery ± persistent shedding

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5
Q

Atrophic rhinitis (pigs) - agent + pathogenesis

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Pathogenesis as for canine infectious tracheobronchitis
+ dermonecrotic toxin = damages osteoblasts > impaired osteogenesis > nasal turbinate atrophy

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6
Q

Actinobacillus spp./disease (5) + morphology + habitat

A

A. lignieresii = wooden tongue in cows
A. equuli = sleepy foal disease
A. seminis = epididymitis in rams
A. suis = acute septiceamia in pig neonates
A. pleuropneumoniae = fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia in pigs

Gram - coccobacilli/rods
Commensals of alimentary T/RT/UGT (TF opportunistic pathogens)

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7
Q

Wooden tongue - pathogenesis in cows

A

Commensal of buccal mucosa
> oral abrasions (rough feed) allows entry
> invasion of submucosa
> chronic pyogranulomatous lesions w CT proliferation + S granules (club colonies)

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8
Q

Wooden tongue - dx (cows)

A

Demonstration of club colonies (small grey-white granules) = protective, facilitate survival

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9
Q

A. lignieresii in sheep - dz characteristics

A

Suppurate lesions in subQ areas of head/neck/nasal cavities

> extend to cranial/cervical LNs

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10
Q

Sleepy foal dz - agent + dz manifestation

A

Actinobacillus equuli

Acute septicaemia in foals

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11
Q

Joint ill - agent + dz manifestation

A

Actinobacillus equuli

Purulent nephritis/arthritis = multiple small abscesses in renal cortex

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12
Q

Joint ill - agent + dx

A

A. equuli

Culture of joint aspirate/renal sample

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13
Q

Epididymitis in rams - agents (2)

A 
Actinobacillus seminis (commensal of lower UGT > ascending UTI)
Brucella ovis
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14
Q

Acute septicaemia in pigs - agent + host

A

Actinobacillus suis

1-8wk old pigs

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15
Q

Fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia in pigs - agent + habitat

A

Actinoacillus pleuropneumoniae

- only Actinobacillus spp. not commensal

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16
Q

Fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia in pigs - source of infection + route of transmission

A

Source = other infected pigs (carriers/dz’d)

Route = inhalation of infectious aerosols

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17
Q

Fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia in pigs - pathogensis

A

Inhalation of infectious aerosol
> adhere to alveolar epithelium (fimbriae)
> multiply in lung (Fe-scavenging)
> Inflamm response to LPS
> avoids phagocytosis (capsule)
> leucocidal cytotoxins (RTX) destroy WBCs
> fibrinohaemorrhagic vasculitis (LPS) + pulmonary necrosis (thrombosis) + sequestration/abscessation
> death, survival > carrier state

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18
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia - environmental factors (5)

A

Geographical serovar distribution
Pigs affected w waning maternal Ab (3mo)
Close contact + comingling age groups = ↑ transmission
Stress (poor ventilation/cold T) important
Herd immunity important (↓ dz severity)

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19
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia - immunity

A

Anti-Apx toxin Ab (cytotoxins) is protective
Herd immunity/colostral immunity important

Carrier state after recovery = reservoir of infection

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20
Q

Pasteurella multocida - associated dz’s + hosts

A

Haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle
Acute fowl cholera (birds)
Bronchopneumonia
Atrophic rhinitis (w B. bronchiseptica) in pigs
Opportunistic infections (incl bite wounds)

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21
Q

Pasteurella multocida - immunity

A

Capsular Ab

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22
Q

Pasteurella morphology

A

Gram - rod

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23
Q

Pasteurella - source of infection

A

Carrier/clinically affected animals

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24
Q

Epizootic haemorrhagic septiceamia in cattle - agent + source of infection + host factors (1)

A

P. multocida
Reservoir = carrier cattle (in nasopharyngeal region)
Dz precipitated by stress (transport)

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25
Epizootic haemorrhagic septicaemia - pathogenesis
Inhalation of aerosols/contact w URT secretions > adhere to pharyngeal mucosa (fimbriae) > resists phagocytosis (capsule) > rapid multiplication/invasion of blood > septicaemia + LPS causing haemorrhage/DIC
26
Shipping fever complex in cattle - agent + dz characteristics
Mannheima haemolytica | - Fibrinous pleuropneumonia
27
Pasteurella trehalosi - dz + host
Septicaemia in feeder lambs
28
Bovine shipping fever complex - pathogensis
Mannheima haemolytica = commensal of nasal/oral epithelium > Stress (transport, crowding etc.) > colonisation of LRT + multiplication > Inflamm response (LPS/capsule) > Impaired WBC function (RTX leukotoxin) > WBC destruction = accum of inflamm exudate/fibrin/cells > acute fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumona + pleurisy > secondary infection follows
29
Moraxella - morphology, metabolism, habitiat, disease
Gram neg rods Obligate aerobes Obligate parasites of mucous membranes M. bovis = infectious bovine keratooconjunctivitis (IBK, pinkeye)
30
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) - agent + source of infection
Moraxella bovis | Source = other infected animals (↑ contagious)
31
IBK - VFs (2)
``` Pili = adhesion to ocular epithelial cells Haemolysin = establishment + invasion ```
32
IBK - agent + pathogenesis
Moraxella bovis > inf via contact w conjunctival/nasopharyngeal secretions > adheres to cornea (pili) > invades conjunctiva + cornea (haemolysin) > multiplies locally = inflamm + ulceration > inflamm response (neut's) = lysosomal enzymes = further necrosis > shed in conjunctival discharge > healing (2-6wks)
33
IBK - environmental factors (2)
↑ prev in warm months = UV/flies/dust causes dmg to cornea | Intercurrent viral infection common
34
IBK - clin signs (3)
Photophobia Conjunctivitis w corneal oedema/haziness Corneal ulceration
35
IBK - immunity (4)
Bos indicus less susceptible (hooded eyelids) Young (<3yo) > old = lack of acquired immunity Recovery = resistance Local + systemic Ab + CMI important
36
Haemophilus - morphology + habitat + source of infection
Gram neg coccobacilli Obligate parasites of RT/UGT Endogenous/exogenous origin
37
Infectious coryza - agent + habitat + host + origin of infection
Avibacterium paragallinarum (chickens) - obligate parasite of mucous membranes - Infection via chronic/healthy carriers
38
Infectious coryza - pathogenesis
Avibacterium paragallinarum Inhalation of infectious aerosols > adhesion to nasal sinus mucosa of naive bird > acute rhinitis/sinusitis = sloughing, necrosis, oedema, inflamm > facial swelling + discharge (shedding) > recovery or chronic dz
39
Glasser's disease (serofibrinous serositis) - agent + habitat
Haemophilus parasuis | Commensal of nasopharyngeal mucosa
40
Glasser's disease (serofibrinous serositis) - pathogenesis
Susceptible pig > invasion of nasopharyngeal mucosa (stress) > bacteraemia > Sepsis or localisation in serosal cavities = serofibrinous serositis > chronic polyserositis or recovery
41
Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis - agent
Histophilus somnus
42
Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis - pathogenesis
``` Agent on UGT/URT mucosa > stress in feedlots > invasion + bacteraemia > localisation in meninges/brain > adheres to/dmg's ECs = platelet aggregation > thrombosis + death ```
43
Contagious equine metritis - agent + source
Taylorella equigenitalis | - obligate parasite of equine reproductive tract > STI
44
Contagious equine metritis - pathogenesis
``` Infected stallion (asymptomatic carrier in distal urethra) + susceptible mare > endometritis/cervicitis/vaginitis > mucupurulent discharge > local + systemic immuni response > recovery w carrier status > infection of susceptible stallions ```
45
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - morphology + habitat
Gram neg rod Aerobic Soil/water + commensal of skin/mucous membranes
46
Canine otitis externa + other inf's - agent + source
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Opportunistic pathogen following break in epithelial integrity Also cystitis, endometritis, fleece rot, wound infections, mastitis
47
Pseudomoniosis - tx (4)
Polymixin Gentamicin Fluoroquinolones 3rd gen cephalosporins
48
Pseudomoniosis - VFs (4)
``` Pili = attachment to dmg'd epithelium Siderophores = Fe-scavenging Endotoxin (LPS)/exotoxins = systemic toxicity Mucoid capsule = antiphagocytic Slime layer = antiphagocytic ```
49
Burkholderia spp. + habitats
B. mallei = obligate parasite > glanders (eq.) B. pseudomallei = environmental > meliodosis
50
Glanders - agent + manifestation + route
Burkholderia mallei - Caseous nodules in lungs/URT/skin - inf via inhalation/abrasion
51
Melioidosis - agent + manifestation + route
Burkholderia pseudomallei - Septicaemia/pyogenic infection w abscesses in RT/CNS/viscera/LNs - inf via ingestion, inhalation, wound contam w soil/mud/water
52
Brucella - morphology + habitat + spp./dz (5)
Gram neg rod Obligate facultatively intracellular (RES) parasites ``` B. abortus = bovine abortion/orchitis B. melitensis = ovine abortion/orchitis B. suis = porcine abortion/orchitis B. ovis = ovine epididymitis B. canis = canine abortion/orchitis ```
53
B. abortus - VFs (2)
Infectious + invasive Chemotactic factors for PMNs/monocytes - intracellular survival via inh phag-lys fusion
54
B. abortus - host factors (4)
Intracellular in MP = chronic granulomatous rxn Predilection for repro tract > abortions ≥ 6mo Mature/preg cattle > young cattle Hypersensitivity important
55
B. abortus - pathoenesis
Ingestion of material contam'd w vaginal discharge/aborted placenta/foetus > penetrates intact mucous membranes > spread via lymphatics (free/intracellular) > regional LNs = lymphadenitis > bacteraemia > localisation in UGT dt growth stim factors (erythritol) > gravid uterus (abortion) or testis/sex glands (infertility)
56
B. abortus - control (4)
Attenuated vaccine Screening of milk from dairy herds Detection of infected beef herds by serology ID/removal of infected cattle
57
Undulant fever
Brucella zoonosis - acute flu-like dz w recurrent sequelae - hypersensitivity
58
Campylobacter spp. - morphology + metabolic requirements + habitat
Gram - curved rods Microaerophilic growth Mucosa of GIT/UBT
59
Campylobacter enteritis - agent + VFs (4)
Campylobacter jejuni Adhesin = attachment to GIT mucosa Motile (flagella) Microaerophilic + T(opt) = 42 deg Enterotoxin
60
Campy enteritis - pathogenesis
Faeco-oral infection (crowding, ↓ hygiene) > adhere to ileal/LI mucosa (pili) > localise in glandular crypts > invade GI epithelial cells (T3SS) > mild febrile enteritis > bacteraemia > Abortion, Guillian-Barre, recovery w shedding
61
Campy enteritis - immunity (1)
Local IgA prod'n important
62
Proliferative enteritis complex in pigs - agnet + location + PM signs
Lawsonia intracellularis - Intracellular at apical tip of enterocytes - Thickened mucosa + focal haemorrhage
63
Bovine campylobacteriosis/vibriosis - agent + disease manifestation
Campylobacter fetus venerealis | - Endometritis > temporary infertility + abortions
64
Bovine vibriosis - VFs (2)
Obligate parasite of bovine repro tract | Surface array proteins = antiphagocytic + Ag-varying
65
Bovine vibriosis - host factors (3) + route + source
Carrier status = old bulls (deep preputial crypts) + cows (poor vaginal clearance - IgA) Immunity develops 6-12w post-inf - Herd immunity important Beef > dairy (natural mating) ``` Route = STI Source = carrier animals ```
66
Bovine vibriosis - pathogenesis
STI (from infected carrier bulls) > inf of vagina/cervix/uterus > endometritis > sporadic abortions, infertility or immunity dev's (IgA in vagina/cervix + IgG in uterus)
67
Bovine vibriosis - immunity (4)
Ab-mediated immobilisation/opsonisation > phagocytosis - Uterus (IgG1) = immob + opson > agent cleared - Vagina/cervix (IgA) = immob only > blocks opsonisation > agent persists (carrier cows) Vax available
68
Abortions in sheep (epizootic) + cattle (sporadic) - agent + habitat
Campylobacter fetus fetus | Occurs in intestine/gall bladder
69
C. fetus fetus - outcomes of infection of non-pregnant vs pregnant (stage?) animals
Non-pregnant > sub-clinical disease Pregnant (3rd trimester) > abortion/perinatal mortality
70
C. fetus fetus in ewes - pathogenesis
``` Faeco-oral route = inf by ingestion > intermittent bacteraemia > localisation in placenta (if 3rd trimester) > vascular/necrotic changes to placenta > abortion/perinatal mortality ```
71
C. fetus fetus - immunity
Ab-mediated immunity
72
C. fetus fetus - environmental factors
Faecal contam of feed/water | Aborted material = high infectious exposure > abortion storms

DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology (9 decks)

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