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Microbiology Exam 2 > Fungi Part 1 > Flashcards

Fungi Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukarytoic

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2
Q

Is fungi found everywhere in nature?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Where do we get fungi for humans ?

A

Nosocomial infections & immunocompromised

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4
Q

Did fungi become more present in humans as the years went on? And why?

A

Because we lived longer, and we started to become more immunocomprised

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5
Q

What does mycology mean?

A

Study of fungi

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6
Q

What are 3 types of fungi?

A

Yeasts
Molds
Fleshy fungi ( mushrooms )

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7
Q

Are yeast multi or uniceullar?

A

Uniceullar

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8
Q

Are mold’s unicellular or multicellular?

A

Multicellular & filamentous

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9
Q

There are 100,000 species known for fungi but they are mostly in ?

A

Plants
(200 in animal pathogens )

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10
Q

Can a cell be both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

A

No

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11
Q

What is the main fungi characteristic?

A

Eukaryotic chemoheterotrophs
( require organic compounds )

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12
Q

Can fungi be Aerobic or facultative anaerobes?

A

Yes; either one

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13
Q

What is the benefits of fungi?

A

Recycling elements

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14
Q

How do most plants benefit from fungi?

A

Mycorrhizae, to absorb them food and water

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15
Q

How do humans use fungi ?

A

Eating, mushrooms
Making bread & wine

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16
Q

Are most fungi saphrophytes? And it means?

A

Yes, that they are decomposers

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17
Q

What do saphrophytes do?

A

Secrete many extracellular enzymes
&
Absorb nutrients rather than ingest them

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18
Q

Can fungi metabolize large complex CHOs?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Are sterols present in fungi?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What are the cell walls for fungi?

A

Glucans
Mannans
Chitin

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21
Q

Does fungi have a peptidoglycan cell wall?

A

No

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22
Q

What is the function of spores in fungi?

A

Sexual and asexual reproductive spores

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23
Q

What is the limitation of fungi metabolism?

A

Heterophobic, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
( only these 3 )

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24
Q

What are fungi? Eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukarytoic

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25
Q

Do all cells have cell membrane?

A

Yes

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26
Q

Where are most fungi found?

A

Soil & water

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27
Q

Can fungi grow in low moisture?

A

Yes

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28
Q

What is the optimal growth in ph for fungi?

A

5

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29
Q

Are fungi resistant to osmotic pressure?

A

Yes, meaning they can grow in high sugar or high salt

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30
Q

Does fungi require less N than bacteria?

A

Yes

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31
Q

What does the cell membrane ( glucans, mannans, chitin ) contain for fungi?

A

Ergosterols

32
Q

How do you identify fungi?

A

Physical appearance
Vegetative & reproductive structures

33
Q

Do humans have ergosterols?

A

No

34
Q

When we are using fungal treatment what is going on? What happens with the ergosterols?

A

They contain ergosterols
&
They inhibit the formation of ergosterols or destroy the ergosterols

35
Q

Will cholesterols be effected with the fungal treatment and why?

A

Yes because it’s a sterols

36
Q

Is anti fungal drugs treatment more toxic than anti bacterial drugs?

A

Yes because we share that sterol in the cell membrane

( but the target is ergosterols)

37
Q

What is the fungi cell wall made up of?

A

Chitin

38
Q

What are molds and provide examples

A

Multicellular & filamentous
( rust, molds, smuts, mildew )

39
Q

What are fleshy fungi and provide examples

A

Multicellular & filamentous
( mushrooms, puffballs, coral fungi )

40
Q

What are yeast?

A

Uniceullar & non filamentous

41
Q

What are the shapes for yeasts?

A

Oval or spherical

42
Q

Are all yeast eukaryotes?

A

Yes

43
Q

Are yeast widely distributed ?

A

Yes

44
Q

Under what conditions can yeast grow in?

A

Aerobic or facultative anaerobes

45
Q

When are yeast very important fermenters? Under what conditions? And for what?

A

Facultative anaerobes
&
Production for food (bread)

46
Q

Can fungi reproduce asexually and sexual?

A

Yes

47
Q

For yeast, how do they reproduce?

A

Asexually ( budding )

48
Q

How does bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission

49
Q

How does budding occur? (6)

A

Parent cells form a bud
Bud elongates
Nucleus Divides by mitosis
Bud enlarges
Cell wall synthesis
Bud breaks off

50
Q

What’s the most famous yeast known for commercial foods?

A

Saccharomyces cervisiae

51
Q

What is saccharomyces cerevisiae?

A

Bakers yeast

52
Q

How does saccharomyces cerecisiae work?

A

Aerobic : o2 final electron
Anaerobic : fermentation

53
Q

What is the result from yeast anaerobic fermentation?

A

Ethanol ( alcohol )

54
Q

What are molds & fleshy fungi?

A

Multicellular, filamentous & macroscopic

55
Q

What is the body of molds & fleshy fungi?

A

Thallus

56
Q

What does thallus mean?

A

The entire vegetative structure / body
( the whole body of the mold)

57
Q

What is a thallus made up of?

A

Single cell or long filaments of cells joined together

58
Q

What are the filaments called to make up a mold?

A

Hyphae
( hypha - singular )

59
Q

How are hyphae classified?

A

Based on presence or absence of cross walls separating nuclei

60
Q

What are the 2 groups of hyphae?

A

Sepate hyphae
Conenocytic hyphae or non-sepate

61
Q

What is septate hyphae?

A

Divides the hyphae into uninucleate units

Chains of distinct cells

Pores to allow movement of cytoplasm between hyphae

62
Q

What are coenocytic hyphae or non-septate?

A

No cross walls or incomplete cross walls

Incomplete septa = cytoplasmic streaming

Hyphae grow by elongating at their tips
( each fragment is capable of growing on its own )

63
Q

Can hyphae grow from a spore?

A

Yes

64
Q

Does the spore matter for the hyphae to grow?

A

No, either sexual or asexual spore can grow hyphae

65
Q

What is mycelium?

A

Several hyphae grow & intertwine together that form a filamentous mass

66
Q

Can intertwined hyphae macroscopic can be seen with the naked eye?

A

Yes

67
Q

What is vegetative mycelium?

A

Obtains nutrients
Grows on substrate

68
Q

What is aerial mycelium or reproductive mycelium?

A

Grows in the air, above substrate
Often bears reproductive spores

69
Q

What does dimorphism mean?

A

Two forms

70
Q

What are dimorphic fungi mean?

A

Can be either yeast or mold

71
Q

Can dimorphic fungi depend on things? And what?

A

Yes
Temperature
37C for yeast ; 25C for mold
Environment
Food availability & oxygen

72
Q

What’s the most famous fungi that’s dimorphic ?

A

Candida albicans

73
Q

For dimorphic fungi that’s are yeast, what temperature do they grow at ?

A

37C

74
Q

For dimorphic fungi that are molds, what temperature do they grow at?

A

25C

75
Q

Why does yeast grow at 37C and molds at 25C for dimorphic fungi?

A

Because 37C is body temperature and can be easily spread throughout the body, than molds at 25C

76
Q

What is the most common yeast that causes yeast infections in people?

A

Candida albicans

Microbiology Exam 2 (10 decks)

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