Fungi Part 2

Question 1

Can fungi reproduce sexually and asexually spores?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

What are the 2 ways that molds reproduce?

Answer 2

Asexual
Sporulation

Question 3

What is the asexual reproduction for Molds?

Answer 3

Fragmentation of hyphae

Question 4

What is the sporulation for molds?

Answer 4

Sexual or asexual spores
Depend on species
( fungal spores are not as resistant as bacterial endospores and reproductive structures )

Question 5

Are fungal spores more resistant than bacterial Endospores?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

How do asexual spores work?

Answer 6

Formed from one organism & can grow to become a be identical organism

Question 7

How do sexual spores work?

Answer 7

Formed from the fusion of nuclei of 2 different types of strains from the same species of fungi

Question 8

How are asexual spore formed on for molds?

Answer 8

Aerial hyphae

Question 9

How are asexual spores produced?

Answer 9

Mitosis & cell division

Question 10

Are asexual spores more common than sexual spores?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What are the 2 major asexual spores?

Answer 11

Conidiospores
Sporangiospores

Question 12

What is conidiospores?

Answer 12

Spores not enclosed in a sac
( 4 different kinds are found in fungi )

Question 13

What is sporangiospores?

Answer 13

Spores formed in a sporangium sac
( 1 kind of fungi )

Question 14

What are the 4 conidiospores ( for molds & asexual spore formation )

Answer 14

Arthroconidia
Chlamydoconidia
Conidia
Blastoconidia

Question 15

What is the advantage of asexual formation?

Answer 15

Fast & easy & survives alone

Question 16

What is the disadvantage of asexual spores?

Answer 16

No variation

Question 17

What is the 1 kind of fungi that’s sporangiospores? ( for molds & asexual reproduction )

Answer 17

Sporangiospores

Question 18

What is arthroconidia?

Answer 18

Formed by fragmentation of septate hyphae into single cells

Question 19

What is chlamydoconidia?

Answer 19

Thick walled spores formed by rounding & enlargement of hyphal segment
- candidia Albicans

Question 20

What is conidia?

Answer 20

Unicellular or multicellular big enclosed in a sac
- produced in chains at the end of a condiophore
( aspergillus )

Question 21

What is blastoconidia?

Answer 21

Consists of a bud coming off a parent cell
( cryptococuss )

Question 22

What is spirangiospores?

Answer 22

• only ones found in a sac
• formed at the end of a sporangiosphore
  ( rhizopus )

Question 23

Why are bacterial endospores not reproductive structures while fungal spores are reproductive structures?

Answer 23

Fungal spores - reproductive
Bacterial spores - resistant structures

Endospores
- only make 1 cell
- but not increasing amount of cells

Fungal spores
- making more than 1 cells ( increasing the number of offsprings )

Question 24

How does asexual spores help us?

Answer 24

Indentifying fungi

Question 25

What is the 3 steps for sexual spores?

Answer 25

Plasmogamy Karyogamy Meiosis

Question 26

What does plasmogamy do?

Answer 26

A haploid nucleus (+) penetrates Cytoplasms of a recipient (-)

Question 27

What does karyogamy do?

Answer 27

The (+) and (-) fuse to form a diploid zygote nucleus

Question 28

What meiosis do?

Answer 28

Diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid spores

Question 29

How many different kinds of sexual spores (4)

Answer 29

Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Microsporidia

Question 30

Why is the main join for sexual spores?

Answer 30

To classify which spores goes into what family

Question 31

What is zygomycota?

Answer 31

Produce zygomycota Coenicytic hyphae Saprophytic molds Rhizopus; black mold

Question 32

What is ascomycota

Answer 32

Produce ascospores Produced in an ascus Septate hyphae Sac fungi

Question 33

What is basidiomycota?

Answer 33

Produce basidiospores Septate hyphae Club fungi Mushrooms

Question 34

What is Microsporidia?

Answer 34

Unusual, no mitochondria Obligate intracellular parasites Important in infections seems in aids patients

Question 35

What is fungal diseases( another name)

Answer 35

Mycosis or mycotic diseases

Question 36

What are fungal diseases usually are?

Answer 36

Usually chronic infections / diseases Usually grow slowly

Question 37

What are the 5 fungal diseases?

Answer 37

Systemic Subcutaneous Cutaneous Superficial Opportunistic

Question 38

What is systemic ? And how it works?

Answer 38

Found deep in the body ( Effect number of tissues and organs ) - inhalation of spores ( histoplasmosis & coccidiomycosis )

Question 39

What is subcutaneous ? And how it works?

Answer 39

Beneath the skin ( direct implantation of spores )

Question 40

What is cutaneous or dermetophytes? And how it works?

Answer 40

Infect epidermis, hair and nails - transmitted from human to human by direct contact ( contagious mycoses )

Question 41

How do we get rid of cutaneous infections?

Answer 41

Antifungal drugs destroy the ergosterols in fungal cells

Question 42

What are the 3 dermatomycosis? And what are they?

Answer 42

Microsporum - hair and skin Trichophyton - hair, skin and nails Epidermophytin - skin and nails

Question 43

What are the most famous cutaneous fungal infection?

Answer 43

Ringworm and athletes foot

Question 44

What causes ringworm or athlete foot?

Answer 44

Tinea

Question 45

How do you treat tinea or ringworm?

Answer 45

Miconazole creams

Question 46

What is superficial?

Answer 46

Found on hair shafts and superficial epidermis cells, tropical climates

Question 47

What is opportunistic ?

Answer 47

Usually harmless in normal healthy people but are harmful for immunocompromised individuals

Question 48

What is the famous opportunistic fungal ?

Answer 48

Candida albicans ( thrush ) (vulvovaginitis)

Question 49

What is thrush and where is it found?

Answer 49

Candida albicans Found in mucous membranes ( mouth and genitalia )

Question 50

How do you get thrush?

Answer 50

Simply through it overgrown in our bodies, we all have it but in small portions but sometimes it overgrown, and some ways it does is by -causes - antibiotics - immunosuppression - pregnancy

Question 51

How does thrush look like?

Answer 51

White, itchy and painful lesions

Question 52

Who gets thrush most often?

Answer 52

Babies (diaper rash) Aids patients

Question 53

How do we treat thrush?

Answer 53

Antifungal topical applications of miconazole, clotrimazole & nystatin

Question 54

What is PCP?

Answer 54

Pneumocysitis jirovecii pneumonia

Question 55

Is PCP opportunitic?

Answer 55

Yes

Question 56

How do we get PCP?

Answer 56

Well we are all exposed to it, and if we are healthy we don’t get it but some people aren’t, so we just inhale it - typically aids people get it