G/D Basics

Question 1

Growth vs Development

Answer 1

Growth is a increase in something, anything. Development is a continuous cycle, rigorous cycle that becomes apparent thru observations.

Question 2

Three Types of Development

Answer 2

Cephalocaudal - head dev’s first
Proximodistal - inner dev’s before outer, such as learning to write and moving whole arm in sync then figuring out wrist can move, also
Differentiation - gross motor skills come before fine skills

Question 3

Importance of Sequential Trends

Answer 3

There are definite, defined stages, There are critical periods. If an issue is observed, must be assessed to further dev. Children will learn simpler skills before complex ones. Importance of using posi vs neg stimuli.

Question 4

Factors Influencing Dev

Answer 4

Genetics, Nutrition, Prenatal & Env factors, Family & Community, and Cultural Factors

Question 5

Development Stages (by years)

Answer 5

Prenatal Period: Germinal (conception to 2 wks(, Embryonic (2 wks to 8 wks), and Fetal (8 wks to 40 wks or birth

Infancy: Neonatal (birth to 28 wks), Infancy (1 m to 12 m)

Early Childhood: Toddler (1 to 2 yrs), and Preschooler (3 to 6 yrs) If a test question asks for a 6 yr old, we are looking at school age children

Middle Childhood: (School age years from 6 to 12 yrs)

Late Childhood: (13 to 18 yrs) Prepubertal (10 to 12 yrs) and Adolescence (13 to 18 yrs)

Question 6

Erikson

Answer 6

Believed in the dynamic of emotion fueling behavior and activity.

Trust vs mistrust (infant)
Autonomy vs shame and doubt (toddler)
Initiative vs guilt (preschooler)
Industry vs Inferiority (school age)
Identity vs role confusion (adolescence)

Question 7

Piaget

Answer 7

Believed in the cognitive method of thinking thru behavior.

Sensorimotor (infants to age of 2)
Preoperation ( 2 to 6 yr olds)
Operation (school age, or 6 to 12)
Formal operation (Adolescent or 13 to 18)

Question 8

Kohlberg

Answer 8

Believed in the moral reasoning of child dev. (We will not be tested on Kohlberg, just know the basics)

Preconventional Morality
Conventional Morality
Postconventional Morality

Question 9

Anticipatory Guidance

Answer 9

We MUST know what to EXPECT at different age groups. We need to know how to “catch” a child if they are “falling behind” on dev. This knowledge base also aids in nutrition, safety, dental care, sexuality, and illness and injury, for ex. This knowledge enhances social dev, school achievement and family and comm relat’s

Question 10

Goal

Answer 10

Parents capture teachable moments in life to enhance language, intellectual growth, social dev and motor skills.