Toddlers Flashcards
(21 cards)
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) BG
Wt: gains 5-6 lbs/yr
Ht: grows 5 inches/yr
Head circum: 2.5cm growth during 2nd yr
Fontanels - remember anterior closes @ 12-18 m of age
Teeth - 20 by 3 yrs old
Overall look: top-bellied, legs appear slightly bowed, lordosis
Nugget: Avg 2 yr old is 27 lbs w/ a ht 50% of what it will be as an adult
Approx 30” @ 2 yrs would be around 60” as adult!
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Motor Dev
Gross:
15m - walks w/o help (MILESTONE)
18m - throws ball (MILESTONE)
24 m - goes up stairs and runs fairly well
30m - jumps using both feet and begins kicking a ball
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Fine Motor Dev
15m - uses cup well, puts round peg in a board, can scribble
15m - 2 cubes
15m - holds spoon and spills
18m - uses spoon well
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Fine Motor Dev (tower and hands)
Tower Timeline:
18m - 3 to 4 cubes
24m - 6 to 7 cubes
24-30m - holds crayon with fingers
30m - good hand/finger coodination
2 yrs - copies a circle and line
Learns to dress self
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Sensory Dev
20/40 visual acuity
12m - knows name
18m - ID geometric forms
18-24m - uses short sentences
2 yrs - follows simple directions, able to speak 300 wds, obj perm fully dev, and COMBINES at least 2 wds for speaking (MILESTONE)
Nugget: toddlers need routine/structure, and need to feel in control, love a CHOICE (can utilize this in hospital)
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Stress and Coping
Sources - sep from parents, the dark, noises, certain persons/sit’s, violence, loss of security obj
Signs: negativism, regress (learns to potty train, then quickly starts having accidents), lack of sociability, tantrums, self-centeredness
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Sexuality
explore body/body parts, masturbation and self-stim, parental rx’s V important, learning vocab, sex role diff’s evident, imitate what they see from adults
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Individuation/Separation
Differentiation btw self and others, esp mother
Toddler assumes individual characteristics
Can be away from parents for short times
Less fear of strangers when parents are present
Parents must help children separate
Must help child prepare for events
2 to 3 yrs- can do simple tasks
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Lang Dev
Inc lvl’s of comp
2 yrs - about 300 wds and multiword sentences
3 yrs - about 65% is understandable
Parallel Play
When toddlers prefer to play beside another child, but not with another child
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Play
Focus: Inc control of body
Gross motor dev
Multiple uses of senses to play
Parallel play (beside each other, not sharing)
Imitation Play - trucks, dress up, dishes and cleaning
Danger in toys - SAFETY first
Toys - buckets, puzzles, counting games, going for a walk, swings
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Psychosocial Dev
Differentiation of self from others
Toleration of sep from parents
Ability to withstand DELAYED gratification
CONTROL over bodily fx’s
Acquisition of socially acceptable beh
Verbal means of communication
Ability to interact w/ others in a less egocentric manner
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Theorists - Erickson
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Most imp time to begin limit setting
Negativism and ritualism v imp
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Theorists - Kohlberg
Preconventional
Basic lvl here, little concern for WHY something is wrong, they behave bc of the boundaries/freedoms they are GIVEN (parental component here), action is considered good or bad, depending on whether the action is REWARDED or PUNISHED (huge), brings into play the moral reasoning factor
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Theorists - Piaget
Sensiomotor (0 to 2 yrs) when intelligence takes the form of motor actions
13 to 18 mnths - tertiary circular rx’s (applies knowledge/experience to new situations)/reciprocal responses/toddlers are aware that things are still existing even when they cannot see them (they are figuring out hey, if I touch this, then this happens, etc)
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Theorists - Piaget (ctd)
Egocentrism - sees the world from their own eyes (taking toys away from others) and has difficulty sharing
Pre-operational phase (2 to 7 yrs) - egocentric speech happens when they repeat something over and over, now they are concerned with the WHY and the HOW, also uses animism or thinking things have feelings and emotions (thinking a table hit them as they walk by and then calling it bad and hitting it, for ex), symbolic thinking
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Temperament
Carries over from infant to toddlerhood even tho the negativism is present in all dev normal toddlers.
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Temperament Interventions
Discipline influenced by temperament, children need “warnings” and clearly communicated with limits on behavior so they know what to expect (ex, we say 1 min in time out for every year, so a 3 yr old would spend 3 mins in time out)
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Potty Training
14-18 m - bladder capacity inc in this age to 2 hrs
18-24 m - dev ability to control sphincters
Must be able to recognize hey, I need to go, and tell someone, also must be motivated to please parents
Remember: most toddlers are interested in potty training as a method of autonomy!
Toddler (1 - 3 yrs) Common Concerns
Sibling rivalry (takes time, keep routines the same, protect infant, if applicable)
Temper tantrums (these happen! don’t give in!)
Negativism (saying “no” - not allowing that as an option)
