GA Lab #1 Anterior Abdominal Wall, Inguinal Region, Peritoneum (edited LS)

Question 0

Name the abdominal layers and what they become in spermatic cord?

Answer 0

1. Scarpas or Campers Fascia = Dartos Fascia
2. External Oblique = External Spermatic Fascia
3. Internal Oblique = Cremasteric Muscle and Fascia
4. Transversus Fascia = Internal Spermatic Fascia
5. Peritoneum = Obliterated Processus Vaginalis
6. Peritoneum = Tunica Vaginalis (parietal and visceral)

Question 1

Name the superficial arteries going to the anterior abdominal wall. Superficial and deep:

Answer 1

Superficial (M-C-E) 1. Musculophrenic artery (off Internal Thoracic artery) 2. Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery 3. Superficial Epigastric Artery Deep (I-C-E-E): intercostal-circmflx-epi-epi 1. Superior Epigastric Artery (off Internal Thoracic) 2. Inferior Epigastric Artery 3. Deep Circumflex artery 4. Intercostal arteries

Question 2

What is the Roof part of the Inguinal canal?

Answer 2

M = Muscles Internal Oblique Transversus abdominis

Question 3

What is the anterior part of the Inguinal Canal?

Answer 3

A= Aponeuroses of external and intenral oblique

Question 4

What is the floor of the Inguinal canal?

Answer 4

L = Ligament Inguinal Ligament = extension of the external oblique aponeurosis, spanning to pubic tubercle

Question 5

What is the posterior part of the Inguinal canal?

Answer 5

T = Tendon Transversalis Fascia, reinforced by Conjoint Tendon Conjoint Tendon = formed from tendinuous insertions of the medial most parts of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 6

what is the function of external oblique?

Answer 6

-compress abdomen -flex trunk -forced expiration -bend trunk to same side, turning anterior part of abdomen to opposite side

Question 7

what is function of internal oblique

Answer 7

compress abdomen flex trunk forced expiration -bends trunk to same side, turning the anterior part of abdomen to opposite side

Question 8

what is function of transversalis abdominis

Answer 8

compress abomden

Question 9

function of rectus muscle?

Answer 9

compress abdomen flex vertebral column tense abdominal wall

Question 10

function of pyrimidalis

Answer 10

tenses linea alba

Question 11

origin and insertion of external oblique what ligament does it form?

Answer 11

origin: Rib 5-ribs 12 inserts at the lateral lip of Iliac crest. Forms the large aponeurosis ending at linea alba -inferior border forms Inguinal Ligament

Question 12

origin and insertion of Internal oblique? what ligament does it form

Answer 12

Thoracolumnar Fascia + Iliac Crest Aponeurosis helps make the Conjoint Tendon

Question 13

origin and insertion of Transversus abdominis what ligament does it form? what else does it help form?

Answer 13

Thoracolumbar Fascia + Iliac Crest Aponeurosis ends at Linea Alba Fibers run more horizontal Helps form conjoint tendon Forms posterior wall of Inguinal canal

Question 14

origin and insertion of Rectus abdominis?

Answer 14

Originates at Pubic Crest Inserts at Costal Cartilage/Xiphoid

Question 15

Origin + insertion of Pyramidalis muscle?

Answer 15

Origin at front of pubis Insert into linea alba

Question 16

Innervation of external oblique?

Answer 16

anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12

Question 17

Innervation of internal oblique

Answer 17

anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12 and L1 (Ilioinguinal + Iliohypogastric nerve)

Question 18

Innervation of Transversus Abdominis

Answer 18

anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12 and L1 (Ilioinguinal + Iliohypogastric nerve)

Question 19

innervation of rectus abdominis?

Answer 19

anterior rami of lower 7 thoracic nerves T7-T12

Question 20

innervation of pyramidalis

Answer 20

anterior ramus of T12

Question 21

what is the superficial blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall and where do the arteries come off of?

Answer 21

1. Musculophrenic artery (from Internal Thoracic artery) 2. Superficial Epigastric artery (from Femoral artery) - medial 3. Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery (from Femoral artery) - lateral

Question 22

what is the DEEP blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall and where do the arteries come off of?

Answer 22

1. Superior Epigastric artery (off of Internal Thoracic a.) 2. Intercostal arteries 3. Deep Circumflex Artery (off external Iliac artery) 4. Inferior Epigastric Artery (off External Iliac artery)

Question 23

what is the lymphatic drainage of the anterior abdominal wall: - superficial above and below umbilicus line? - Deep?

Answer 23

• superficial above umbilicus = anterior and posterior axillary nodes - superficial below umbilicus = superficial inguinal nodes - DEEP = parasternal

Question 24

what is the innervation for the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 24

T7-T12 and L1 anterior rami of spinal nerves As anterior rami of T7-T12 pass around body, they give off lateral cutaneous branches and anterior cutaneous branches T12 = subcostal nerve Branches of L1 = Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric nerve from Lumbar Plexus

Question 25

key dermatomes of anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 25

T7 = Xiphoid T10 = Umbilicus L1 = Inguinal so T11. T12, and L1 supply skin from just below umbilicus to, and including pubic region

Question 26

what is contained in spermatic cord?

Answer 26

1. Spermatic cord (men) 2. Round ligament (women) 3. Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) 4. Genital branch of Genitofemoral Nerve (L2, L3)

Question 27

where is Deep ring located what muscle/fascia does it open from?

Answer 27

deep ring of Inguinal canal is 1/2 between the ASIS and pubic tubercle lateral to inferior epigastric vessels Opens from Transversus FASCIA

Question 28

where is Superficial ring located? from what muscle does it open?

Answer 28

superior to Pubic Tubercle, above Inguinal Ligament Opens from aponeurosis of the External Oblique muscle

Question 29

Indirect Inguinal hernia?

Answer 29

protrudes lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, through the Deep Inguinal Ring More common Congenital, infants

Question 30

Direct Inguinal hernia?

Answer 30

protrudes medial to the inferior epigastric vessels, does NOT go through the inguinal canal pushes through Hesselbach’s Triangle more common in older men

Question 31

Borders of Hesselbach’s Triangle?

Answer 31

Lateral = epigastric vessels Medial = lateral edge of the Rectus Abdominis Inferior = inguinal ligamnet

Question 32

other hernia types?

Answer 32

1. Femoral Hernia (more common in women) - through femoral ring, which is below Inguinal ligament 2. epigastric hernia: at linea alba 3. umbilical hernia 4. incisional hernia - after surgery 5. spigelian - at semilunar line

Question 33

what is conjoint tendon formed from? what part of the Inguinal canal does it form?

Answer 33

thickened portion of the Inferior Medial aponeurosis of the Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominis muscle Makes up the medial 1/3 of the POSTERIOR wall of Inguianal canal.

Question 34

what forms the Inguinal ligament? what part of the Inguinal canal does it form?

Answer 34

• aponeurosis of External oblique muscle - Inguinal ligament forms the floor