Gait

Question 0

What is the cause of foot slap?

Answer 0

Insufficient resistance to plantar flexion

Question 1

What is foot slap?

Answer 1

Plantar flexion occurs too quickly

Question 2

what is knee instabilit?

Answer 2

Tendency for knee to buckle at heel contact

Question 3

What Are the causes of knee instability?

Answer 3

Knee center too far anterior to TKA line
Excessive resistance to plantar flexion
Weak hip Extensors

Question 4

How to correct knee instability with patients who have weak hip Extensors?

Answer 4

Train patient to extend hip and stabilize knee

Question 5

Unequal stride length is usually accompanied by?

Answer 5

Short stride on prosthetic side

Question 6

What are the causes of unequal stride length?

Answer 6

Excessive initial socket flexion

Bad gait habit or PT insecurity with new Px. ( gait training required)

Question 7

What are the causes of external rotation of the foot at heel strike?

Answer 7

Anterior medial brim not flared enough
Resistance to plantar flexion is excessive…aka heel cushion is too firm
Foot is inset too far
Foot shoe complex too stiff or heel lever too long
Medial brim is hitting ( socket too loose hamstring relief inadequate)

Question 8

What is a correction of external rotation of the foot at heel strike?

Answer 8

Check fit of socket

Question 9

Lateral trunk bending exceeds ________” at the head

Answer 9

1-2”

Question 10

What are the causes of lateral trunk bending?

Answer 10

Weak hip abductors= weak gluteus medius 
Short femur 
Insufficient socket adduction 
Painful distal, lateral femur 
Px foot is outset too far 
Prosthesis length is incorrect ( too short) or (too long)

Question 11

What is abducted antalgic gait?

Answer 11

Prosthesis held away from midline during stance

Question 12

What are the causes of abducted antalgic gait?

Answer 12

Excessive brim pressure
Inadequate ramus relief
Increased flexion with correcting medial brim
Anterior pelvic tilt causes pressure on pubic arch

Question 13

Wide base gait ( more than 2-4”) is caused bY?

Answer 13

Foot outset too far

Question 14

Narrow base gait ( less than 2”) is caused by?

Answer 14

Foot that is inset too far

Question 15

Inversion of foot is caused by what?

Answer 15

Too much socket abduction or loose socket in the dimension

Question 16

Eversion of foot is caused by what?

Answer 16

Too much socket adduction or loose socket in ML dimension

Question 17

What is pelvic rise?

Answer 17

“Hill climbing” as amputee rolls over ball of foot pelvis rises excessively. Amputee stays on prosthetic foot too long, difficult to ride over foot.

Question 18

What are the causes of pelvic rise?

Answer 18

Toe lever arm is too long

Foot set in excessive plantar flexion

Question 19

What is drop off?

Answer 19

Torso lowers excessively, accompanied by quick step on sound side

Question 20

What are the causes of drop off?

Answer 20

Toe lever too short or keel too soft
Foot in excessive dorsiflexion
Long stride on sound side

Question 21

What is a medial whip?

Answer 21

An abrupt medial movement of the heel as it rises from the floor accompanied by a lateral movement of the knee & shank

Question 22

What is the cause of medial whip?

Answer 22

Medial whip is due to the knee axis aligned in excessive external rotation

Question 23

What is lateral whip?

Answer 23

Heel moves lateral while knee & shrank rotate medially

Question 24

What is the cause of lateral whip?

Answer 24

Lateral whip is due to the knee axis aligned in excessive internal rotation.

Question 25

What are the causes of inadequate knee flexion( too little heel rise) ?

Answer 25

Too much knee friction Excessive swing flexion resistance Limited pelvic rotation

Question 26

What are the causes of excessive knee flexion ( too much heel rise)?

Answer 26

Inadequate swing flexion resistance | Too much dynamic response from energy storing foot

Question 27

What are the causes of circumduction?

Answer 27

Inadequate knee flexion Prosthesis too long Medial brim discomfort Lack of confidence that Px will swing thru and extend fully

Question 28

What is the cause of pistoning?

Answer 28

Inadequate fit and /or suspension

Question 29

What is vaulting?

Answer 29

Amputee uses excessive plantar flexion of sound ankle/ foot to ensure that prosthetic toe /foot does not drag

Question 30

What are the causes of vaulting?

Answer 30

Bad gait habit Prosthesis is not correct length Prosthetic knee is too stiff, too much swing flexion resistance Inadequate suspension

Question 31

What is Terminal impact?

Answer 31

Excess shrank velocity as prosthetic knee reaches full extension

Question 32

What is the cause of terminal impact?

Answer 32

Improper swing extension resistance

Question 33

What is the cause of a stride that is too slow?

Answer 33

User not confident with Px.

Question 34

What is goose stepping?

Answer 34

Heel does not contact floor at end of swing phase

Question 35

What is the cause of goose stepping?

Answer 35

Amputee waits for knee impact before putting foot on ground.

Question 36

What is the cause of knee hyperextension?

Answer 36

Knee unit extension stop is excessive

Question 37

What is the cause of unequal stride: long sound side step?

Answer 37

Excessive initial socket

Question 38

What are the causes of Unequal stride: short sound side step?

Answer 38

Initial socket flexion User not confident with Px Limited pelvic rotation