Gakunga 1

Question 1

Facial primordia appear early in the ____ week, and coincides with
mouth opening.

Answer 1

fourth week

Question 2

Facial prominences (frontonasal, maxillary, mandibular) are produced by proliferation of cranial _______.

Answer 2

neural crest cells

Question 3

Facial development occurs mainly between the ______ weeks

Answer 3

fourth and eighth

Question 4

______ (developed from nasal placodes) move toward the midline, where your nose will be

Answer 4

nasal pits

Question 5

The _______ forms at the boundary between pharyngeal arches 1 and 2.

Answer 5

external ear

Question 6

Fusion vs Merging

Answer 6

In fusion, there is a breakdown. Merging is a reconfiguration.

Question 7

Name the five processes that fuse during development

Answer 7

2 maxillary, 2 mandibular, frontonasal

Question 8

Stomodeum

Answer 8

Primitive mouth (the five process fuse around this)

Question 9

An elevation on the face anterior to the brain bulge

Answer 9

Frontal Prominence

Question 10

• Thickening of ectoderm on the frontal prominence

- Indicates the development of the future nose

Answer 10

Nasal Placode

Question 11

• Depression in the nasal placode indicating the external nares
• Note the openings of the nasal cavity are separate from each other

Answer 11

Nasal Pit

Question 12

Horseshoe shaped ridge along the superior aspect of the nasal pits

Answer 12

Nasal Processes

Question 13

• Medial portion of the horseshoe shaped ridge

- Contributes to portions of the upper lip

Answer 13

Medial Nasal Process

Question 14

• Lateral portion of the horseshoe shaped ridge

- Contributes to the lateral portion of the nose

Answer 14

Lateral Nasal Process

Question 15

______ sink into nasal pits, the precursors of nostrils and nasal cavities

Answer 15

Nasal placodes

Question 16

_______ form sides of nose

Answer 16

Lateral nasal prominences

Question 17

______ fuse, form nasal septum and ethmoid bone.

Answer 17

Medial nasal prominences

Question 18

Medial nasal prominences

merge with each other and with ________.

Answer 18

maxillary prominences

Question 19

_______ separate the lateral nasal prominences from the maxillary prominences

Answer 19

Nasolacrimal grooves

Question 20

By the end of the fifth week, six auricular hillocks indicate development of the _____.

Answer 20

external ear

Question 21

The ______ are initially located in the neck region, but ascend to sides of head, at level of eyes

Answer 21

external ears

Question 22

Fusion of the Medial Nasal Processes forms which external features of the face?

Answer 22

• Bridge of the nose

- Philtrum of the lip

Question 23

Fusion of the Medial Nasal Processes forms which internal structures?

Answer 23

• Incisor bearing segment of the maxilla

- Primary palate

Question 24

• Lateral outgrowth of the mandibular arch

- Contributes to the formation of the maxilla

Answer 24

Maxillary Process

Question 25

Portion of the first arch which forms the mandible

Answer 25

Mandibular Process

Question 26

Fusion of the Medial Nasal Processes and the Maxillary Processes forms which external feature?

Answer 26

Upper lip

Question 27

Fusion of the Medial Nasal Processes and the Maxillary Processes forms which internal feature?

Answer 27

Maxillary arch

Question 28

External Structures from the Maxillary Process

Answer 28

- Infraorbital region | - Cheek

Question 29

External Structure from the Lateral Nasal Process

Answer 29

Ala of the nose

Question 30

Fusion of the Mandibular Processes results in which external feature?

Answer 30

- Lower lip | - Chin

Question 31

Fusion of the Mandibular Processes results in which internal feature?

Answer 31

Mandibular arch

Question 32

Mandible develops in close relation to nerve of the first arch, _____.

Answer 32

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Question 33

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve --> ______ (medial to Meckel’s cartilage) + ______ (lateral to Meckel’s cartilage)

Answer 33

- lingual nerve | - inferior alveolar nerve

Question 34

___ weeks: mesenchyme condensation on lateral aspect of Meckel’s cartilage

Answer 34

6

Question 35

___ weeks: intramembranous ossification center --> first bone of the mandible

Answer 35

7

Question 36

Mandibular canal forms around _______.

Answer 36

inferior alveolar nerve

Question 37

Medial and lateral _____ develop in relation to tooth germs

Answer 37

alveolar plates

Question 38

Ossification spreads posteriorly into | remaining mesenchyme of first arch, to form the ____ of the mandible

Answer 38

ramus

Question 39

The _____ marks the site at which the continued ossification diverged from Meckel’s cartilage

Answer 39

lingula

Question 40

By ____ weeks, the rudimentary mandible has formed, almost exclusively through intramembranous bone formation

Answer 40

10

Question 41

Fate of Meckel’s cartilage

Answer 41

1. Malleus 2. Sphenomalleolar ligament 3. Sphenomandibular ligament 4. Tiny contribution to mandible

Question 42

Articulation between the temporal bone and mandible

Answer 42

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 43

Two lateral swellings of the mandibular arch

Answer 43

Lateral Lingual Swellings

Question 44

A single mid-line swelling from the mandibular arch

Answer 44

Tuberculum Impar

Question 45

- A single mid-line swelling posterior to the tuberculum impar - Derived from 2nd, 3rd and 4th arches

Answer 45

Copula

Question 46

- Mostly from the forward growth of the lateral lingual swellings fusing with the tuberculum impar - There may be some contribution to the mucosa from the second arch because of its innervation from the facial nerve

Answer 46

Body or Anterior 2/3 of the Tongue

Question 47

Develops from the copula

Answer 47

Root or Posterior 1/3 of the Tongue

Question 48

- Small triangular anterior portion of the hard palate | - Forms from the fusion of two medial nasal processes

Answer 48

Primary palate

Question 49

Medial nasal prominences fuse with each other, and with the maxillary prominences, to form the _____; philtrum of lip and median palatal process form from _______.

Answer 49

- upper lip | - MNPs (intermaxillary segment)

Question 50

- Forms by the fusion of the palatine shelves which are outgrowths of the maxillary process - Initially vertical in position with tongue in between

Answer 50

Secondary Palate

Question 51

Types of Cleft Lip and Palate

Answer 51

1. Clefts of anterior (primary) palate-anterior to incisive foramen; usually involve upper lip and alveolar process of maxilla 2. Clefts of anterior and posterior palate 3. Clefts of posterior (secondary) palate * Clefts can be unilateral or bilateral

Question 52

Cleft repair: 3 months – ______ 1.5 years -- ______ 9 years – _______ to facilitate eruption of permanent canine and lateral incisor (if present)

Answer 52

- Lip closure - Close palate - Graft alveolus