Flashcards in Gallbladder Path I Deck (45):
1
sphincter of oddi
muscle at ampulla of vater
2
ampulla of vater
opening - emptying into duodenum
3
hartmanns pouch
pocket for stone location in gallbaldder
4
histo of gallbladder
single layer of smooth muscle
BM - under epithelial cells
tumor transverse BM - to lymphatics
5
aberrant location of gallbladder
deep in liver
6
coele
latin for cavity or space
7
cyst
abnormal lined closed space with fluid
-speudo - unlined
8
caroli disease
polycystic renal disease
9
ectasia
aneurysm in vasculature
10
choledochal cyst
-of common bile duct**
don't remove surgically
most common in clinical
11
choledochocele
dilation at opening to duodenum
12
phyrigian cap
no clinical significance - but important to surgeon
infolding at tip of gallbladder
most common anomaly of gallbladder
causes indentation
13
gallbladder wall
very thin
14
cholelithiasis
gallstones
very common
majority don't know it
15
risk of gallstones
infections - cholecystitis
obstruction
gallbladder cancer - chronic presence
acute pancreatitis
16
3 types of gallstones
cholesterol - most common
black
brown
17
cholesterol stones
majority
-yellow tan appearance
flat edges - long time - rubbing up against eachother
18
fat, female, fertile, forty
cholesterol gallstones
19
calcium carbonate
give hardness to cholesterol stone
and make seeing it on xray easier
20
path of cholesterol stones
supersaturation in gallbladder or biliary tree
lithogenic - easier to form stone
hypomotility - leads to sludge - important for stone formation
-thick stuff
-nidus - where stones crystallize on
21
cyst
abnormal bile flow - more likely stone formation
22
lumen of gallbladder
abnormal - more likely lithogenic bile to form stones
23
sludge
in gallbladder
can allow stone formation and bacterial growth
24
accretion of cholesterol
stone formation
25
nidus
nucleation for cholesterol formation of stone
26
increased cholesterol secretion
age, estrogen, obesity
27
pima indians
more cholesterol stones
28
crohns disease
more cholesterol stones
29
stone formation
supersatiration
crystallization - nidus
flow - turbulence
accretion - sludge
biliary tree/gallbladder
-and other organs - kidneys, bladder, prostate, salivary glands, pancreas
30
cholesterolosis
accumulation of cholesterol in mucosa of gallbladder
gives white yellow dots with red bkg - strawberry gallbladder
can cause gallbladder pain
31
strawberry gallbladder
cholesterolosis diagnosis**
32
black stones
polymers of unconjugated bilirubin
usually very small
see on xray
with chronic hemolysis
33
chronic hemolysis
black stones
34
brown stones
unconjugated bilirubin and cholesterol
with infection - e. coli and liver flukes - c. sinensis**
softer and crumble
don't see on xray
35
c. sinensis
liver fluke - brown stone
36
cholecystitis
inflammation of gallbladder
37
choledocholithiasis
stones in bile duct
38
gallstone location
most formed in gallbladder
-can get stuck in cystic duct
-pushed to common bile duct
39
gallstone stuck in cystic duct
more stones - stasis
wall of gallbladder - can experience ischemia - induces inflammation - chronic or acute
predisposition to infection**
40
gallstone in common bile duct
obstruct bile from gallbladder and from liver
backup behind stone
-leads to more stone formation
-jaundice
-infection
-cancer
41
ascending cholangitis
ascending infection up biliary tree with gallstone
42
gallstone in common hepatopancreatic duct
acute pancreatitis can occur
with all the problems in liver and gallbladder
43
gallstone high up in bilary tree
abscess and infection
44
acalculous cholecystitis
critically ill
hypovolemic shock - ischemia to gallbladder - no stones
45