Gallbladder Quiz 5 Flashcards
Congenital biliary atresia
common bile duct is blocked or terminates/is absent
see liver sx in children such as itching, malabsorption, eventual cirrhosis and portal HTN.
choledocal cysts
congenital cystic dilations of common bile duct
cholelithiasis
stones in gallbladder, bile duct, pancreatic duct, ampulla
choledocolithiasis
stones in common bile duct
what causes more of a risk cholelithiasis or choledocolithiasis? And why?
choledocolithiasis because the stones can block the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
when does acquired biliary atresia occur?
autoimmune disease and causes chronic rejection of transplanted liver allograft
treatment for congenital biliary atresia?
surgical anastomosis or transplant
what are sx of choldedocal cyst?
jaundice and clay colored stools
what are the most common causes of cholecystitis?
escherichia coli
bacteroides
what causes acute cholecystitis?
cholelithiasis: blockage of cystic duct
cholesterol stones
>80% cholesterol by weight most common (90% of all stones)
pigment stones
< 20% cholesterol
show up on x-ray due to ca
small dark stones
mixed stones
20-80% cholesterol
possibly visible on X-ray depending on ca level
cholesterolosis
- abnormal deposition of cholesterol in gallbladder wall
- thickened wall
- cholesterol stones seen at times
what is cholesterolosis associates with?
chronic cholecystitis
and sometimes cholelithiasis
hist of cholesterolosis?
strawberry gallbladder
bright yellow dots on mucosal surface
hist of chronic cholecystitis
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in muscularis layer: pockets in wall of muscularis layer
porcelain gallbladder
calcified by persistent inflammation due to presence of stones
- outlined in thin white ring on X-ray
what is a concern with porcelain gallbladder?
gallbladder cancer
what is a bad sequelae of choledocolithiasis?
risk of ascending cholangitis of bacteria in colon ascending to liver via ductal system
- life threatening
- happen more often in the presence of gallstones (70-90%)
hist of ascending cholangitis
onion skin fibrosis of duct
- indistinguishable from that seen in PSC
cholangitis
inflammation of duct
what are risk factors for gallbladder carcinoma?
chronic cholecystitis
chronic cholelithiasis
obesity
1 type of gallbladder cancer
adenocarcinoma
- glandular origin and malignant
