Gas exchange

Question 1

what is pressure?

Answer 1

force exerted per unit area. Gas exerts uniform pressure on all surfaces

Question 2

how do gases exert pressure

Answer 2

1. ) number of molecules that impact container

2. ) strength of impacts (Kinetic energy from temperature)

Question 3

Ideal gas law

Answer 3

PV=nRT 
partial pressure (volume)= (amount of gas)(gas constant 0.082) (temp in kelvin)

Question 4

boyles law

Answer 4

P1V1=P2V2 P∝1/V

at constant temp. pressure of gas is inversely proportional to the volume of gas

Question 5

charles law

Answer 5

V1/T1=V2/T2 V∝T

at constant pressure volume of gas is proportional to temp. of gas

Question 6

Gay boy lussacs law

Answer 6

P1/T1=P2/T2 P∝T

Question 7

partial pressures of gas

Answer 7

N=79% O=21% CO2=.04% (.0004) (to find partial pressures just multiply by atmospheric pressure, but when air is humidified you must subtract partial pressure of h20 first )

Question 8

henry’s law

Answer 8

[gas]=(PPgas)(solubility coefficient)

solubility coefficient is how easy it is for gas to dissolve in solution.

Question 9

actual/ relative solubility of O2

Answer 9

.024/1

Question 10

actual/ relative solubility of CO2

Answer 10

.57/24

Question 11

actual/ relative solubility of N

Answer 11

.01/.5

Question 12

actual/ relative solubility of He

Answer 12

.008/.33

Question 13

diffusabilty

Answer 13

diffusion∝ ((delta P)(Area)(solubility))/((distance)(sqrt molecular weight))
surface area and distance constant for all gases. assuming the same pressure for all gases formula turns into :diffusion∝(solubility)/(sqrt (molecular weight))

Question 14

movement of gas proportional

Answer 14

delta P, surface area, gas solubility,

Question 15

movement of gas inversely proportional

Answer 15

distance, gas molecular weight

Question 16

saturation

Answer 16

percentage of heme molecules bound with O2

oxyhemoglobin vs. deoxyhemoglobin

Question 17

affinity

Answer 17

how easy it is for heme molecules to bind or release O2
high affinity: easy to bind hard to release
low affinity: hard to bind, easy to release

Question 18

bohr effect

Answer 18

changes in [CO2] affects affinity for O2. increased CO2 decreases O2 affinity

Question 19

haldane effect

Answer 19

changes in [O2] affects affinity for CO2. increases O2 decreases CO2 affinity

Question 20

limiting factor of O2 utilization at tissue level

Answer 20

ADP

Question 21

CO2 content dissolved in plasma

Answer 21

7%

Question 22

total CO2 content bound to hemoglobin

Answer 22

23%

Question 23

total CO2 content chemically modified to HCO3-

Answer 23

70%

Question 24

Respiration

Answer 24

Transport of oxygen and CO2 in opposite direction

Question 25

4 functions of respiration

Answer 25

Pulmonary ventilation (moving air between atmos. and alveoli) Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood and body fluids to and from tissue cells Regulation of ventilation

Question 26

Solubility coefficient

Answer 26

How easy it is for gas to dissolve in solution

Question 27

Co2 is ... Times more soluble than n2

Answer 27

57

Question 28

Co2 is ... Times more soluble than helium

Answer 28

71

Question 29

Co2 is ... Times more soluble than O2

Answer 29

24

Question 30

Co2 is times more diff usable from O2

Answer 30

20.3

Question 31

Define diffusability

Answer 31

Ability of gas to move through tissue and fluid

Question 32

Oxygen gradient from alveoli to blood

Answer 32

64-65

Question 33

Factors affecting O2/co2

Answer 33

Alveolar epithelial membrane lining,interstitial fluid, capillary membrane,plasma,red cell wall, red cell interior,chemical reaction 1. ) main player with O2 is alveolar wall 2. ) main player with co2 is chemical reac. From hco3-

Question 34

Pressure gradient of co2 from blood to alveoli

Answer 34

5

Question 35

Why does co2 not need the same pressure gradient as O2 to ensure adequate transfer at tissues?

Answer 35

Co2 is a lot more diffusable

Question 36

O2 bound to hemoglobin vs dissolved

Answer 36

97/3

Question 37

Non lethal range O2

Answer 37

10-1000 mmHG

Question 38

Non lethal range co2

Answer 38

5-80 mmHG

Question 39

Non lethal range sodium

Answer 39

115-175 mmol/L

Question 40

Non lethal range potassium

Answer 40

1.5-9 mmol/L

Question 41

Non lethal range calcium

Answer 41

.5-2 mol/L

Question 42

Non lethal range pH

Answer 42

6.9-8 pH

Question 43

Arterial /venous pressure of O2

Answer 43

95 mmHG vs 40mmHg

Question 44

Arterial venous co2 pressure

Answer 44

40/ 45

Question 45

Interstial po2 and Pco2

Answer 45

40/45

Question 46

RBC po2 and co2 pressure

Answer 46

23/46