Gas Exchange in the Lungs Flashcards Preview

CVRH Exam 3 > Gas Exchange in the Lungs > Flashcards

Flashcards in Gas Exchange in the Lungs Deck (25)
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1
Q

What does Fick’s Law state?

A

The volume of gas diffusing per minute across a membrane is directly proportional to the membrane area, diffusion coefficient of the gas, and the partial pressure difference of the gas and diffusion of the gas is inverse to the membrane thickness (Vgas=AD(P1-P2)/T)

2
Q

What is hypercapnea?

A

Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

3
Q

What is hypopnea?

A

Diminished depth and rate of respiration

4
Q

What is hyperpnea?

A

Abnormal increase in depth and rate or respiration

5
Q

What occurs when a Type I pneumocytes is damaged?

A

It is replace by a Type II which then differentiates into a Type I

6
Q

What is the purpose of the Pore of Kahn?

A

Connects alveoli to allow movement from one alveoli to another

7
Q

How do alveoli grow as we do?

A

Grow in number til age 8 and only decrease in size from there

8
Q

Normal tidal volume:

A

500mL

9
Q

Anatomic dead space volume:

A

150mL

10
Q

Amount that make it to alveoli:

A

350mL

11
Q

Difference between anatomic and alveolar dead space?

A

Anatomic: air does not touch alveoli for gas exchange
Alveolar: alveoli are not exchanging gas (no perfusion)

12
Q

Is V/Q greater or less than 1 in the apex?

A

Greater (nondependent region)

13
Q

Is V/Q greater or less than 1 in the base?

A

Less (dependent region)

14
Q

Is the base or the apex more compliant?

A

Base (apex is already expanded because gravity)

15
Q

What occurs to the V/Q ratio in patients with a emphysema?

A

It decreases because ventilation decreases but blood flow remains normal

16
Q

What is the ultimate goal of ventilation?

A

To keep alveolar respiratory gas partial pressures as close to atmospheric as possible

17
Q

What is the respiratory duty cycle?

A

One respiratory cycle of inspiration and expiration

18
Q

What costs more energy inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration

19
Q

What occurs to Tv as a diseased patient increases frequency of breathing?

A

Tv decreases

20
Q

What is the most energetically favorable breathing pattern for pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Shallow and rapid breathing (increased Tv means increase ATP)

21
Q

How to calculate mechanical ventilation for patients without pre-existing lung disease?

A

8mL/kg x 12 times a minute

22
Q

How to calculate mechanical ventilation for patients with chronic pre-existing lung disease?

A

10-10 rule 10mL/kg x 10 a minute

23
Q

How to calculate mechanical ventilation for patients with acute lung disease?

A

6mL/kg x 10-12 times a minute

24
Q

How many kg are in a lb?

A

.454 kg/lb

25
Q

What effect does resistance have on frequency of breathing?

A

Increased resistance leads to increased frequency