Obstructive and Restrictive Diseases of the Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general obstructive pulmonary disorders?

A

Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma

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2
Q

What are the general restrictive pulmonary disorders?

A
Fibrosis
Chest wall defects
Neuromuscular defects (diaphragm)
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3
Q

What are the conducting zones?

A

Where air passes through but does not interact with gas exchange (0-16 zones)

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4
Q

What are respiratory zones?

A

Where gas exchange takes place (17-23 zones)

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5
Q

Which zones do restrictive processes affect?

A

Respiratory zones

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6
Q

Which zones do obstructive processes affect?

A

Both Respiratory (emphysema) and Conducting (Asthma, chronic bronchitis)

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7
Q

Which disease is barrel-chested (increased AP diameter) associated with?

A

Emphysema

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8
Q

What is cor pulmonary?

A

Heart failure due to the lungs ex. right-sided failure/RV hypertrophy due to increased pulmonic resistance

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9
Q

What do interstitial disease processes affect?

A

Collagen, elastic fibers, mesenchymal cells, inflammatory cells

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10
Q

What is centriacinar?

A

Distal alveoli are sparred the damaged is done more central

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11
Q

What is panacinar?

A

Entire alveoli are damaged

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12
Q

Normal FEV1/FCV?

A

.80

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13
Q

What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?

A

Smoking, air pollutants

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14
Q

What is the cause of emphysema?

A

Smoking

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15
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

A

Cough, sputum production

Pink puffer

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16
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of emphysema?

A

Dyspnea (labored breathing)

Blue bloater

17
Q

What is distal acinar?

A

Occurs near the ends of the alveoli; causes blebs that can burst and give pneumothorax

18
Q

What type of disease does smoking typically lead to?

A

Centriacinar because the pollutants can not make it far enough down to be panacinar

19
Q

What typically causes panacinar disorders?

A

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

20
Q

What typically causes centriacinar disorders?

A

Heavy smoking

21
Q

How does alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency come about?

A

Smoking causes inflammation bringing more neutrophils to the area and release proteases and elastases

22
Q

Earliest feature of chronic bronchitis?

A

Mucus hypersecretion

23
Q

Definition of chronic bronchitis?

A

Persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years, in the absence of any other identifiable cause

24
Q

What are interstitial lung disease?

A

Diseases in the interstitial lung space

25
What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
Progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure
26
What are the signs/symptoms of IPF?
Dry cough Hypoxemia Cyanosis Digital clubbing
27
What are the morphologic features of IPF?
Honeycombing
28
What occurs during prolonged exercise?
Shift from carbohydrates to fat metabolism
29
What occurs during an increase in intensity of exercise?
There is a shift more towards carbs and away from fats