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Gas Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Erythrocytes

A

RBCs

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2
Q

3 functions of erythrocytes?

A
  1. Carry CO2 from body to lungs
  2. Carry O2 from lungs to body
  3. Acid/base buffering
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3
Q

How long is a RBC life cycle?

A

120 days

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4
Q

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

A

Red bone marrow

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5
Q

Where does breakdown of RBCs occur?

A

Macrophages of spleen, liver and red bone marrow

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6
Q

Describe the process of erythropoiesis

A

Hematopoietic stem cells
Proerythrocytes
Erythrocytes
Tissue oxygenation

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7
Q

What controls the formation of RBCs?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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8
Q

What produces erythropoietin?

A

Kidney

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9
Q

What regulates EPO?

A

HIF - hypoxia inducible factor

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10
Q

What will cause more EPO to be formed and thus more RBCs to be formed?

A

Low blood volume, low hemoglobin, central hypoxia (low oxygen)

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11
Q

2 transport mechanisms for oxygen

A
  1. Dissolved

2. Bound to hemoglobin

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12
Q

3 transport mechanisms for carbon dioxide

A
  1. Dissolved
  2. Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
  3. Carbamino acids
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13
Q

What are the percentages of carbon dioxide as its 3 transport mechanisms in arterial blood?

A
  1. Dissolved = 5%
  2. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) = 90%
  3. Carbamino acids = 5%
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14
Q

What are the percentages of carbon dioxide as its 3 transport mechanisms in venous blood?

A
  1. Dissolved = 10%
  2. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) = 60%
  3. Carbamino acids = 30%
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15
Q

What is the solubility of CO2?

A

6 mL/CO2

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16
Q

What is an enzyme that can form bicarbonate?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase

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17
Q

Describe the reaction Carbonic Anhydrase controls

A

CO2 + OH = HCO3-

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18
Q

What transporter gets carbon dioxide into the capillary?

A

AQP1

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19
Q

Normally, how many grams of Hemoglobin are in 100 mL of blood?

A

15

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20
Q

1 gram of Hb can carry how many mL of O2?

A

1.34

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21
Q

Optimally, there are ____ mL O2/100 mL of blood

A

20.1

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22
Q

Arterial side, has a ____% Hb saturation

A

97.5%

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23
Q

Venous side, has a ____ % Hb saturation

A

75%

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24
Q

Total oxygen on the arterial side is about?

A

20 mL O2/100 mL of blood

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25
Total oxygen on the venous side is about?
15 mL O2/100 mL of blood
26
Dissolved oxygen on the arterial side makes up how much of the 20 mL of O2?
0.3 mL
27
Dissolved oxygen on the venous side makes up how much of the 15 mL of O2?
0.1 mL
28
Breathing 100% O2 increases?
Dissolved oxygen content
29
A right shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve means?
DECREASED affinity of Hb for Oxygen
30
What 3 things can cause a right shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve?
INCREASED temperature DECREASED pH INCREASED PCO2
31
With a right shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve, what molecule is increased?
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
32
A left shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve means?
INCREASED affinity of Hb for Oxygen
33
What 3 things can cause a left shift in the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve?
DECREASED temperature INCREASED pH DECREASED PCO2
34
What 3 diseases/states have a left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve?
1. Methemoglobinemia 2. HbFetal 3. Polycythemia
35
Carbon monoxide poisoning
CO displaces oxygen from a hemoglobin
36
With carbon monoxide poisoning, the oxygen dissociation curve shifts what way?
LEFT
37
Artero-venous difference is used to describe ____ and a normal value is _____
Oxygen consumption | 20 - 15 = 5 mL O2/100 mL of blood
38
Equation for the respiratory quotient (RQ)
Volume of CO2 produced/ Volume of O2 consumed
39
What is the respiratory quotient for carbs as fuel?
1 | 1 CO2 produced for every 1 O2 consumed
40
What is the respiratory quotient for fats as fuel?
0.7 | 7 CO2 produced for every 10 O2 consumed
41
As O2 levels DECREASE, CO2 levels?
INCREASE
42
What is needed for erythropoiesis?
Vitamin B12, B9, Iron
43
What maintains Fe2+ from going to Fe 3+ and contributes to membrane flexibility?
ATP
44
Folate/B12 deficient
Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia
45
Poor B12 Absorption
Pernicious Anemia
46
Deficient Iron
Microcytic Anemia
47
Deficient Transport of Transferrin
Hypochromic Anemia
48
Hemoglobin concentration is proportional to blood oxygen content. What happens to the saturation?
NOTHING - DOES NOT CHANGE
49
Polycythemia
INCREASE in RBCs
50
LOW EPO, high RBCs
Primary polycythemia
51
Hypoxia, High EPO, High RBCs
Secondary polycythemia
52
High altitude adaptation, High RBCs
Physiologic polycythemia
53
Methemoglobinemia causes ____ O2 availability to tissues
DECREASED
54
Methemoglobin
Hb with Fe3+ -- O2 does not bind well
55
With methemoglobinemia, what color is caucasian skin?
Blue
56
Hemochromatosis
Iron overload
57
What can hemochromatosis cause?
Liver cirrhosis, skin pigmentation and diabetes
58
Major form of CO2 transported?
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
59
Volume of CO2 in the blood?
50
60
Volume of O2 in the blood?
20
61
Major form of O2 transported?
Bound to hemoglobin

CPR (48 decks)

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