Lipids and Lipoproteins - Lipoproteins

Question 1

What are lipoproteins?

Answer 1

Vehicles that transport cholesterols, TAGs and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 2

Vehicles that transport cholesterols, TAGs and fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 2

Lipoproteins

Question 3

Ligands that bind receptors to internalize lipoproteins

Answer 3

Apolipoproteins

Question 4

Outer shell of lipoproteins consists of?

Answer 4

Phospholipids
Apolipoproteins
Free cholesterol

Question 5

Inner core of lipoproteins consists of?

Answer 5

Cholesterol
Cholesterol Esters
TAGs
Fat soluble vitamins

Question 6

What are the 5 types of Lipoproteins?

Answer 6

1. Chylomicrons
2. VLDL
3. IDL
4. LDL
5. HDL

Question 7

What is the largest lipoprotein?

Answer 7

Chylomicron

Question 8

What is the smallest lipoprotein?

Answer 8

HDL

Question 9

What is the most dense lipoprotein?

Answer 9

HDL

Question 10

What is the least dense lipoprotein?

Answer 10

Chylomicron

Question 11

What lipoprotein contains the most TAGs and least protein?

Answer 11

Chylomicrons

Question 12

What lipoprotein contains the most proteins and least TAGs?

Answer 12

HDL

Question 13

Bad cholesterol

Answer 13

LDL

Question 14

Good cholesterol

Answer 14

HDL

Question 15

Apo-48

Answer 15

Facilitates transport

Question 16

ApoC - II

Answer 16

Activates capillary lipoprotein lipase

Question 17

ApoE

Answer 17

Facilitates uptake into the liver

Question 18

ApoB - 100

Answer 18

Facilitates uptake into cells

Question 19

ApoA - 1

Answer 19

Activates enzyme that esterifies cholesterol

Question 20

What apolipoproteins do chylomicrons have?

Answer 20

Apo-48
ApoC - II
ApeE

Question 21

What apolipoproteins do VLDL have?

Answer 21

ApoB - 100
ApoC - II
ApoE

Question 22

What apolipoproteins do IDL have?

Answer 22

ApoB-100

ApoE

Question 23

What apolipoproteins do LDL have?

Answer 23

ApoB-100

Question 24

What apolipoproteins do HDL have?

Answer 24

ApoA - 1
ApoC - II
ApoE

Question 25

Describe chylomicron processing

Answer 25

- Lipoproteins (Apo-48, ApoC - II, ApoE) are added to chylomicron - ApoC - II activates lipoprotein lipase that hydrolyzes TAGs - Remnants of chylomicron are endocytosed by the liver with binding of ApoE

Question 26

When you hydrolyze TAGs, what do you get?

Answer 26

Glycerol and Free Fatty Acids

Question 27

Describe VLDL, IDL, LDL processing

Answer 27

- VLDL (ApoB-100, ApoC-II, ApoE) assembled in liver and sent to blood stream - Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes TAGs and ApoC-II is released == forms IDL (ApoB-100, ApoE) - IDL delivers cholesterol to the liver and loses more TAGs and ApoE == becomes LDL (ApoB-100) - LDL delivers cholesterol to liver and peripheral tissues via binding of ApoB-100

Question 28

Major carrier of cholesterol in the blood and takes it to peripheral tissues?

Answer 28

LDL (bad cholesterol)

Question 29

When LDL's ApoB-100 binds receptor on target tissue, what happens next?

Answer 29

Receptor mediated endocytosis: - Receptor and LDL brought into cell in endosome - LDL dissociates from receptor - LDL releases cholesterol contents - - Receptor returned to cell surface

Question 30

Describe HDL processing

Answer 30

- HDL picks up cholesterol from tissues due to ApoA - 1 - LCAT esterifies cholesterols - HDL delivers cholesterols to liver for excretion

Question 31

What does HDL donate and receive from chylomicrons?

Answer 31

ApoC - II | ApoE

Question 32

What does HDL transfer to VLDL, IDL and LDL in exchange for TAGs and phospholipids?

Answer 32

Cholesterol esters

Question 33

What facilitates HDL exchanges with VLDL, IDL and LDL?

Answer 33

CETP

Question 34

What does HDL remove from peripheral tissues?

Answer 34

LDL!!!

Question 35

Increased HDL ____ risk for coronary artery disease

Answer 35

DECREASES

Question 36

HDL is needed for maturation of?

Answer 36

Chylomicrons

Question 37

Tangier Disease

Answer 37

HDL deficiency, accumulation of cholesterol | -- can cause atherosclerosis

Question 38

Type 1 Hyperlipoproteinemia

Answer 38

Inability to hydrolyze TAGs in chylomicrons and VLDL | = HIGH TAGs

Question 39

What are possible deficient with Type 1 Hyperlipoproteinemia?

Answer 39

ApoC - II | Lipoprotein lipase

Question 40

If lipoprotein lipase is deficient, when will it be noticed?

Answer 40

Infancy

Question 41

If ApoC - II is deficient, when will it be noticed?

Answer 41

Post - adolescence

Question 42

Physical symptoms of Type 1 Hyperlipoproteinemia?

Answer 42

Xanthomas | Creamy blood

Question 43

Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia

Answer 43

Deficient LDL receptors = defect in LDL uptake | == HIGH CHOLESTEROL IN BLOOD

Question 44

How is Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia inherited?

Answer 44

Autosomal dominant

Question 45

What does Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia result in?

Answer 45

Increased LDL in blood vessels (goes into intima) | -- Stimulates ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Question 46

Symptoms of Type 2 Hyperlipoproteinemia?

Answer 46

Xanthomas | Angina pectoris

Question 47

What enzyme esterifies cholesterols and puts them in HDL core?

Answer 47

LCAT