Gastrointestianl Pathology

Question 1

What type of cell is cancer of the mouth

Answer 1

Squamous cell Carcinoma

Question 2

Risk factor for mouth and Tongue cancer

Answer 2

Betel nuts, Tobacco, Alcohol, and HPV

Question 3

How does Barrett’s esophagus happen

Answer 3

Splashing of acid upward and you get metaplasia of mucus producing cells

Question 4

how does Mallory - Weiss tears happen

Answer 4

Constant retching and causes tears usually in chronic alcoholism

Question 5

What is this and what is the blue strips

Answer 5

Esophageal varrices and the blue is veins from portal hypertension and cirrhosis. If they rupture you die

Question 6

What is the highlighted areas

Answer 6

Blue - normal squamous mucosa of esophagus
Yellow - intestinal metaplasia

Question 7

What is an adenocarcinoma and what is it call in the Esphagous

Answer 7

Barretts and most common esophageal cancer most common in America

Question 8

Esophageal cancer in most of the world is what type

Answer 8

Squamous cell carcinoma middle third of the esophageal, dysplasia to neoplasia skips metaplasia

Question 9

What is H. Pylori and what is the risk

Answer 9

Chronic Gastritis and 10% chance to get metaplasia

Question 10

Where are peptic ulcers found

Answer 10

More common in duodenal and sometimes in the stomach

Question 11

Peptic ulcer risk factors

Answer 11

NSAID, aspirin, smoke and alcohol

Question 12

what is this

Answer 12

Ulcer in the duodenum

Question 13

What is this

Answer 13

Peptic ulcer with Fibrinous exudate

Question 14

What rank is stomach cancer

Answer 14

2nd for ca deaths world wide

Question 15

What is this

Answer 15

Cancer of the stomach and its ugly looking

Question 16

What is happening here?

Answer 16

Leather bottle stomach - Gastric adenocarcinoma of the stomach wall with goblet cells

Question 17

4 mechanism for diarrhea

Answer 17

Greek for flowing through
1. Secretory
2. Osmotic
3. Exudative
4. Malabsorptive

Question 18

What is and the cause if secretory diarrhea

Answer 18

Vibrio - watery

Question 19

What is it and the cause of osmotic diarrhea?

Answer 19

Lactase deficiency - shit solutes

Question 20

what is and causes exudate diarrhea?

Answer 20

Virus/bacteria/IBD - bloody stools

Question 21

What is and cause Malabsorptive diarrhea?

Answer 21

Celiac disease and you poo nutrients

Question 22

What is this?

Answer 22

Pseudomembramous Colitis (C. Diff) - by antibiotics

Question 23

What is this and the pink on the right?

Answer 23

Caused by C. DIFF and the pink is fibrin and dots is neutrophils - fibrinous exudate

Question 24

What is this and what is highlighted

Answer 24

Amebic Colitis cause by a protozoan - common in Mexico, Colombia and India
Highlighted is ulcer and inflammatory cells

Question 25

What is this?

Answer 25

Amebic colitis and the circles are ameba that stain purple

Question 26

What does flask sharp ulceration tell you

Answer 26

Ameba

Question 27

What is characteristic of Volcanic eruption of fibrinous exudate

Answer 27

Psudomebrame colitis

Question 28

What is celiac disease

Answer 28

Immune response to gluten

Question 29

What is on the right and what is on the left

Answer 29

Left is normal small bowel Right it celiac disease destroying villi

Question 30

Answer 30

Celiac disease loss of fingers

Question 31

UC vs. Crohns ulcers

Answer 31

Crohns - deeper ulcers and thick walls has cobble stone appearance UC - superficial ulcers and thin walls and has psudopolyps

Question 32

Answer 32

Crohn’s disease with transmural inflammation and thick bowel walls

Question 33

What is this and what are the purple dots?

Answer 33

Crohn’s disease and the dots are granulomas

Question 34

What is the middle, the big thing and the dots

Answer 34

OUR FRIEND Crohn’s disease Middle is epithelioid histiocyctes Big thing is multinucleated giant cell Dots are lymphocytes

Question 35

Answer 35

UC crypts filled with neutrophils Can be found in both but usually in UC

Question 36

What is Transmural infraction?

Answer 36

Atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism oh my of the mesenteric vessel. 90% and gangrene

Question 37

What is a mucosal or mural infraction?

Answer 37

Atherosclerosis stenosis upper inning of the gut dies due to hypotension Multifocal lesions that cause cardiac failure but may heal

Question 38

Answer 38

Necrosis of the gut and if you fix it can go back to normal If transmural you can do shit

Question 39

What is Colonic Diverticulosis?

Answer 39

Herniations of mucosa and submucosa Common in after age 50 More fiber = less prevalence

Question 40

Answer 40

Colonic diverticulosis are the circles

Question 41

How do most colorectal adenomas form?

Answer 41

Form begin adenomaus poly that can transform into cancer

Question 42

What do you look for in polys in the colon to see if they are cancer?

Answer 42

Small is good look like pompom Big is bad and have a larger base >4 is 40% cancer

Question 43

Answer 43

Polyp in the colon but its not malignant

Question 44

What is right and what is left

Answer 44

Adenocarcinoma of the colon having Left is tubular Right is vilous

Question 45

What do adenoma colorectal carcinoma pt lose in their gene and what percentage is it?

Answer 45

80% of the colon cancers 2 hit in APC gene Beta-date in not degraded

Question 46

What is the other percentage of adenocarcinoma colon and what happens?

Answer 46

20% Repetitive DNA sequence like micro satellites

Question 47

Colon cancer death rate?

Answer 47

2nd most in the US 40% will die It because we eat so much meat

Question 48

Answer 48

Colon cancer

Question 49

Prevalence of Alcoholic liver disease

Answer 49

>60% in the US But only <20% develop cirrhosis

Question 50

Answer 50

Alcoholic hepatitis where fatty liver progressed and you see neutrophils

Question 51

What is the triad for Alcoholic hepatics

Answer 51

fatty change Neutrophils Hyalin

Question 52

Answer 52

Bridging fibrosis the purple in the liver

Question 53

Answer 53

Regenerative nodules ( if you have you it you have cirrhosis)

Question 54

What is the Viral hepatitis triad?

Answer 54

ballooning degeneration, lobular disarray, lymphocytes Apoptosis bodies (councilmen bodies)

Question 55

Answer 55

Viral hepatitis with lymphocytes (purple dots)

Question 56

What is this and the dark purple thing?

Answer 56

Ballooning degeneration of viral hep Purple thing is apoptosic bodies

Question 57

Which HV is this?

Answer 57

Hep C bc of the lymphocytes

Question 58

What is HAV?

Answer 58

Transmitted oral fecal RNA virus No chronic or carrier state

Question 59

What is HBV?

Answer 59

DNA virus Blood transmission, needles, sex Asymptomatic carrier state Progressive cirrhosis MOST COMMON CAUSE OF LIVER CANCER ( world wide more prevalent and they go from HBV to cancer skipping the cirrhosis phase)

Question 60

What is HCV?

Answer 60

RNA virus, related to yellow fever Doesn’t make you sick but highly progress to cirrhosis HCV + alcohol = fast cirrhosis

Question 61

Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

Answer 61

50% world wide

Question 62

Answer 62

THIS IS OUR FRIEND Cirrhosis on the right Malignant on the left

Question 63

What is the Exocrine Pancreatic Function?

Answer 63

Secrete enzyme to aid digestion Amylase - starch Lipase - fat Trypsin - protein

Question 64

How do you get auto digestion?

Answer 64

Gallstone plugs the duct Alcohol 80%

Question 65

Answer 65

Normal top left Inflammation right Chronic pancreatitis bottom left with fibrosis

Question 66

Answer 66

Metaplasia and dysplasia of the pancreatic ducts

Question 67

What type of cancer is from the pancreas and what part does it form on?

Answer 67

Adenocarcinoma Head of the pancreas

Question 68

Answer 68

Pancreatic Ductal adenocarcinoma

Question 69

Prevalence and origin of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 69

4th leading cause and 25% survival Comes from cancer in the pancreatic ducts