Neuropathology

Question 1

What can Cerebrovascular disease lead to?

Answer 1

Herniation in the brain

Question 2

Focal traumatic Brian injury cause?

Answer 2

Focal you can see
Falls or assaults
Epidural or subdural hematomas

Question 3

How does a epidural Hematoma happen?

Answer 3

Crack your skull and puncture the blood vessel in the dura and you get blood separating the skull from the dura and get a clot

Question 4

What is a subdural hematoma?

Answer 4

Blood between the brain and dura from vessels get torn
More in old people bc the brain shrinks and vessels get thinner so a fall more likely to tear
Slow filling of blood not fast

Question 5

Answer 5

Subdural hematomas

Question 6

Answer 6

Contracoup contusions of the brain

Question 7

What is a coup and contracoup contusion?

Answer 7

Coup is grating of the site of skull fracture
Contracoup is grating of the opposite of trauma

Question 8

Diffuse brain injury

Answer 8

Viscoelastic
Road accident
Shearing stress applied force

Question 9

What are the red dots and what dmg is this?

Answer 9

Red dots - torn capillaries
Diffuse vascular injury

Question 10

Grading for DIffuse atonal injury

Answer 10

Low score is better

Question 11

What are the circled parts?

Answer 11

Diffuse axon dmg
The flow gets blocked and you get a build up and swell up

Question 12

Where do you have the most sheer stress in brain injury?

Answer 12

Corpus callocum bc you brain goes in 2 different directions

Question 13

Perinatal brain injury?

Answer 13

Usually in early birth

Question 14

Blast means what

Answer 14

Sprout or shoot

Question 15

Subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhages?

Answer 15

Happens when premature babies are born around the 13 week stage where the blast is susceptible to hemorrhages

Question 16

Answer 16

Premature brain of germinal matrix hemorrhage

Question 17

Answer 17

bacterial meningitis with gray green of fibrinous exudate

Question 18

Meningitis in bacteria in young people is?

Answer 18

Neisseria Menigitidis

Question 19

Meningitis in older people is?

Answer 19

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 20

Meningitis in newborns is caused by?

Answer 20

Group B or ecoli

Question 21

What are CNS fungal infections

Answer 21

Meningitis - Yeast - granulomas response
Vacuities - Hyphae - affect immune compromise people

Question 22

Answer 22

Basal fibrosis with Granulomatous meningitis

Question 23

Answer 23

Fungal infection
Left - epothelioid histiocytes with granulomatous
Right - multinucleated giant cell

Question 24

What is this caused by

Answer 24

Looks like an infarct in the brain but its caused my hyphae

Question 25

CNS infections in the spinal cord

Answer 25

Meningitis - mumps, enteroviruses, coxsackie and HIV

Question 26

CNS viral infection in the brain?

Answer 26

Encephalitis - HSV, CMV, Arbo, Rabies, HIV, PML

Question 27

Answer 27

Viral Encephalitis in the brain - classic lymphocytes cupping

Question 28

Answer 28

The purple without the dot in the middle is the neuron getting eaten and causing neuronphagia

Question 29

Answer 29

Microglial nodule

Question 30

What are the 3 hallmark of Viral encephalitis?

Answer 30

lymphocytic cuffs, neurophagia and microglial nodules

Question 31

How can you tell it HSV one in the brain?

Answer 31

Bi or unilateral Hemorrhagic of the temporal lobe

Question 32

What are the CNS protozoan infections?

Answer 32

Toxoplasmosis and Amebae

Question 33

Answer 33

Toxoplasmosis

Question 34

How do you get naeglaeria Fowleri?

Answer 34

Swimming in stagnant fresh water

Question 35

Answer 35

Left and right circles are the muscular sucker The thing in the middle is the tooth

Question 36

Life cycle of tapeworm to human brain?

Answer 36

Eggs get transmitter into out food and think we are pig also burrow and get into our brain

Question 37

Answer 37

Asctrocytoma bc the cells look like stars - intrinsic

Question 38

Answer 38

Oligodendroglioma - looks like fried egg

Question 39

Answer 39

Has both we call it oligoastrocytoma by morphology

Question 40

Answer 40

Glioblastoma - usually in old people survival only a year

Question 41

Answer 41

Glioblastoma usually replaces the corpus calloum and most common and called the butterfly Glioblastoma

Question 42

What does Oncoscan for?

Answer 42

Copy number abnormalities

Question 43

NGS Solid Tumor Panel

Answer 43

Point mutations amplifications and homozygous deletions

Question 44

Answer 44

Meninigioma and extrinsic tumor of the brain

Question 45

CT scan how to discern from Glioblastoma from a menginioma

Answer 45

Meningioma has multiple while Glioblastoma has one

Question 46

What is and are the neruodegenerative disease?

Answer 46

it is even on both side Alzheimer’s , Parkinson’s, ALS, Huntington

Question 47

Where does Alzheimer start?

Answer 47

temporal lobe then spreads to frontal and partieal and occipital

Question 48

where does Parkinson’s disease start?

Answer 48

substantial nigra and then spreads

Question 49

where does ALS start?

Answer 49

Only the motor neurons

Question 50

Where does Huntington disease start?

Answer 50

Caudate nucleus and then spreads

Question 51

What is Alzheimer Disease?

Answer 51

Age associated dementia with amyloid plagues and tau tangles disease

Question 52

Answer 52

Plaques is the big yellow thing Tangles with the strings

Question 53

What are plaques and tangles

Answer 53

Plaques are replacing the windows and doors but you don’t take trash them so they slowly accumulate tangles are fibrous protiens badly folded microtubles

Question 54

Answer 54

ALS motor neuro disease

Question 55

Answer 55

Loss of neurons from anterior horn

Question 56

What is Huntington Disease?

Answer 56

Affect the basal ganglia Have strange movements all the time worm like CAG repeats cause neurons to die Autosomal dominate

Question 57

Answer 57

Neuron loss and causes concave

Question 58

What is Multiple sclerosis?

Answer 58

Demyelination of neurons Autoimmune

Question 59

Answer 59

MS dmyelinated plaques