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Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Symptoms of GI disfunctions

A 
Nausea and Vomiting
diarrhea
heartburn
abdominal pain
constipation
fecal 
anorexia
dysphasia
achalasia
GI bleeding
GI incontinence
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2
Q

what are 2 special features of the stomach?

A

rugae

layers of muscle (longitudinal, circular & oblique)

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3
Q

Where does the majority of the digestion/absorptions take place in the GI track?

A

Small Intestines

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4
Q

what is being added in the stomach?

A

enzymes

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5
Q

what type of digestion takes place in the stomach

A

Mechanical- twisting of muscle

Chemical- Hydrochloric acid/mucus (goblet cells)/ enzymes

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6
Q

Where does the majority of the digestion/absorptions take place in the GI track?

A

Small Intestine

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7
Q

Three types of muscle in the GI tract

A

Oblique, longitudinal, circular

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8
Q

what are some modifiable risk factors that can irritate the stomach?

A

smoking
drinking
NSAIDS
stress

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9
Q

What are some un-modifiable risk factors that can irritate the stomach

A 
autoimmune conditions
h. pylori ** MOST COMMON
trauma
infection
burns
stress
surgery
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10
Q

Gastritis

A

inflammation of a mucosal layer of the stomach

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11
Q

acute vs chronic gastritis

A

acute- almost overnight (mild to sever)
-feels like nausea and gastric pain
chronic-can take years to develop (smoking and drinking over the years can be mild or moderate)

severe can lead to GI bleeding

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12
Q

signs and symptoms of gastritis

A 
indigestion
heartburn
epigastric pain
nausea
vomiting
anorexia
malase
hematemesis (blood in puke)
occult blood (blood in your poop)
fever
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13
Q

how is gastritis diagnosed?

A

x ray, blood test, history, EGD, stool sample, tests for h. pylori,

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14
Q

how is gastritis treated

A

antacids
acid reducing acids (reduce production of acid)
avoid triggers (smoking drinking)
small frequent meals

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15
Q

TA role in gastritis

A
  • encourage to take meds
  • meal planning
  • stress management
  • encourage activity as tolerated
  • monitor vital signs
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16
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease?

A

break in the mucosal lining

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17
Q

what areas of the GI tract are affected by peptic ulcer disease?

A

submucosal layer

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18
Q

erosion vs. ulceration

A

Erosion is a lesion that damages the mucosal layer

ulceration is when damage goes down into the submucosal l

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19
Q

what is the main risk factor for most ulcers

A

H. pylori

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20
Q

2 ways stress may contribute to peptic ulcers

A

physiological stress- burns or surgery

psyological stress- bad coping

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21
Q

what factors may be considered “ protective” for peptic ulcer disease?

A

eat lots of fruits and veggies

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22
Q

What are signs and symptoms in a client with peptic ulcer disease

A

gastric ulcer -increased pain with eating
Duodenum ulcer- decreased when eating
pain with pressure

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23
Q

4 goals of treatment for an ulcer

A
  1. Relief of pain, antibiotics
  2. Promotions of healing, antacid, H2 blocker, PPI, Proton, pump inhibitor
  3. Preventions of bleeding to death, obstructions,
  4. Preventions of recurrence, avoid coffee, exercise 3 times a week, don’t add over the counter medications with a prescriptions
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24
Q

greatest age at risk

A

60

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25
Bleeding signs of an ulcer
pale, fatigue, brown blood in puke, Black blood in there poop
26
When is surgery necessary
to control bleeding
27
How do you diagnose peptic ulcer
xray, gastroscopy, H.pylori test
28
4 Layers of the digestive system
mucosal layer submucosal layer Muscle layer, Circular muscle that squeezes and longitudinal that moves stuff along Serousa- Visceral layer, a covering
29
Large intestines roll
absorbs water makes feces added mucus bacterial break down
30
Small intestines
absorptions of nutrient
31
What is the difference between the small and large intestine
Small intestine has villi and Large intestine does not all absorptions happens in the small intestine Large intestine just takes that waste and makes poop
32
What is the difference between internal and external schincter
internal in involuntary | external is voluntary
33
What keeps your intestines contained
peritoneum
34
3 reasons to have obstructive hernia
organic disease-illness or organisms mechanical - defect or surgery functional - spinal cord injury, electrical embalance
35
Hernia
protrusion of a part of an organ or tissue through a weakness in a structure
36
Five areas prone to hernias
...
37
the most common type of hernia?
inguinal
38
what are the signs and symptoms of a hernia?
pain,bump | pain made worse by change in position, bowel movement and heavy lifting
39
what is the greatest risk related to herniation?
strangulation**
40
how is a hernia diagnosed?
history, physical exam, x ray
41
how is a hernia treated?
watchful waiting | surgery (mesh, match up edges and sew)
42
describe the life of an intestinal cell
They pass though the tract and are sloughed off then pooped (about every 5 days)
43
function of the small intestine
absorb nutrients | add digestive enzymes
44
function of the large intestine
add bacteria to breakdown stuff, remove water
45
what is the outcome when there is inflammation and the villi cannot function properly?
cannot absorb nutrients and goes to the large intestine where is gets pooped out. also not creating mucus
46
haustra. | are they normal?
the grooves or pockets on the intestines. they are normal . they help move the stool along although if there is enough inflammation you can loose the tone
47
name 2 conditions that fall under the umbrella of IBD
chrons disease | ulcerated cholitis
48
skip lesions
areas of inflamed irritated bowel with areas of normal bowel inbetween
49
how is IBD diagnosed
history | physical exam
50
diagnosis of exclusion
exclude symptoms until they figure out what it is. - MRI - X-ray - Barium study - endoscopy - stool sample - blood tests - biposy
51
why is surgery a part of a treatment plan for IBD ( 3 reasons)
- ostomy formation and or bowel resection - for complications (fistula or abscess) - go in and remove an obstruction
52
what is a flare up? | describe the symptoms
the inflammatory phase of crohns or ulcerated colitis (mild to fulminant) - inflammation = fever - malaise - weight loss (not getting needed nutrients) - diarrhea - cramping - pain
53
4 treatments for IBD
``` medications for symptoms -anti inflammatories -anti diahreals (anti shits) -anti spasmatics medications for disease diet and nutrition ongoing monitoring -monitor for cancer -monitor for irritants and triggers ```
54
OPTA role for IBD
``` journals -food -bathroom encourage self monitoring help promote positive coping - positive body image monitor hydration monitor for abscesses and fistulas asses for joint pain ```
55
how are join pain/ arthritis related to IBD
about 1/4 they get arthritis. | idiopathic- maybe because they are both inflammatory problems
56
what is a syndrome?
a collection of symptoms to say that the bowel is irritated
57
What is IBS?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine
58
IBD vs IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome | inflammatory bowel disease
59
cause vs. trigger
Cause- created a change or makes something happen | trigger- stimulus that creates a response (certain foods, stress)
60
common triggers
certain foods or chemicals, certain emotion(stress or depression), fatigue, smoking, alcohol,high fat and high fiber foods.
61
5 common symptoms of IBS?
1. pain 2. diarrhea 3. constipation 4. abdominal cramps 5. bloating
62
why is there no diagnostic test for IBS? how is it diagnosed?
you need to meet certain criteria | - certain symptoms for a certain amount of time (3 months)
63
describe 3 techniques to manage IBS
- manage mental health (stress) - lifestyle changes - managing medications
64
OPTA role wit IBS
reinforce lifestyle changes promote stress management promote exercise
65
Crohns disease
anywhere in the digestive tract (gum to bum) inflammation commonly in the small intestine the whole tube is inflamed (translumenal -all 3 layers)
66
ulcerated cholitis
inflammation of the colon (just the mucosal layer)
67
fistula
an abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs.
68
fissures
small tear in the thin, moist tissue (mucosa) that lines the anus.
69
absess
a collection of pus
70
diverticulosis | use the terms mucosa, sub mucosa, herniate, muscular layer, colon, outpouching
the muscle wall weakens and everything follows, creating a pouch
71
diverticulosis vs diverticulitis
.
72
4 factors that contribute to diverticulitis
.

PATHO (12 decks)

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