Cardiovascular Function

Question 1

Pulmonary

Answer 1

right side, deoxygenated, in the lungs

Question 2

systemic

Answer 2

left side, pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body

Question 3

veins

Answer 3

bring blood back to the heart

Question 4

arteries

Answer 4

take oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

Question 5

capillaries

Answer 5

gas exchange

Question 6

Endrocardium

Answer 6

most inner layer of the heart

Question 7

Myocardium

Answer 7

middle layer ( Muscle layer)

Question 8

Pericardium

Answer 8

outer layer

Question 9

All three layers can be damaged by…

Answer 9

tumors or infections

Question 10

veins do what

Answer 10

metabolic waste from the body

Question 11

venous bring blood back to get ??

Answer 11

re oxygenated

Question 12

SA node as known as the pacemaker

Answer 12

60-100 heart

Question 13

AV node

Answer 13

40-60

Question 14

Conduction System

Answer 14

Organizes electrical impulse in the cardiac system

Question 15

Pericarditis

Answer 15

• Inflammations of the pericardium
• Fluid Accumulates- Pericardial effusion
• Swollen tissue creates frictions
• causing pressure around the heart
• causes the heart not to fill properly
• Blood pressure goes down and heart rate will go up

Question 16

pericarditis manifestations

Answer 16

chest pain
edema
flulike symptoms
dyspnea
Grating sounds heard when breathing is held

Question 17

Infective Endocarditis

Answer 17

Inflammation of the inner layer
creates small thrombi (Clots)
Microhemorrhages (bleeding)

Question 18

Valvular Disorders

Answer 18

Disrupt blood flow through the heart
Stenosis-Narrowing- blood cant flow through
Regurgitation-

Question 19

Electrical Alterations

Answer 19

Classified by orgin
Can affect cardiac output and BP

Causes: Acid-base imbalances, hypoxia, drugs, stress electrolyte imbalances, myocardial ischemia or infarction (injury), connective tissue disorders

Question 20

Electrical alteration manifestations

Answer 20

palpiations , abnormal heart rate, syncope, dyspnea, confusion, fatigue, skipping a beat

Question 21

Heart Failure

Answer 21

Inadequate pumping
Leading to decreased cardiac output, increased preload, and increased afterload (backflow)
Compensatory mechanisms activated
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 22

Left-side heart failure

Answer 22

Cardiac output fails

Backflow to the pulmonary circulation

Question 23

Right-side heart failure

Answer 23

blood back flows to the systemic circulation

Question 24

Aneurysms

Answer 24

Weakness of artery
Can occur in arterys
Can rupture

Question 25

What are the 3 major structures of the Cardio System | What do these do together as the function of the cardio system

Answer 25

Heart Blood vessels Blood Nourish and remove metobolic waste from body

Question 26

2 Circuits of the heart and functions

Answer 26

Pulmonary: Right side, deoxygenated blood to lungs Systemic: Left side pumps oxygenated blood throughout body and to heart

Question 27

4 hollow chambers of the heart consist of 2________ and 2________

Answer 27

``` 2 atria (RA and LA) -upper recieving 2 ventricles (RV and LV)- lower pumping ```

Question 28

Within gas exchange Arterial capillaries drop off 02 and nutrients and Venous capillaris pick up metabolic waste

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Conduction system 3 points of conduction pathway

Answer 29

Excitability- cells responds to impulse Conductivity- cells conduct electric impulse Automaticity- generate impulse to contract

Question 30

Depolorization

Answer 30

Increase in electrical change from ion exchange

Question 31

Repolorization

Answer 31

cellular recovery ions return to membrane

Question 32

Dysrhymthmias

Answer 32

Abnormal electrical activity

Question 33

Systolic | Dystolic

Answer 33

S: Cardiac Work phase D: Cardiac Rest phase

Question 34

PVR is Peripheral Vascular Resistance what are the 3 points that depend the calculation of PVR?

Answer 34

Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Arterial elasticity

Question 35

Afterload

Answer 35

pressure needed to eject the blood - Blood viscosity - PVR

Question 36

Preload

Answer 36

amount of blood returning - blood and volume - venous return

Question 37

Three layers of arteries/viens

Answer 37

Tunicaintema - inner layer -Tunicamedia- middle muscle layer Tunica adventitia outer elastic layer

Question 38

Blood vessel cell wall layers

Answer 38

Endothelium Elastic tissue Connective Tissue

Question 39

Lymphatic System

Answer 39

Consists of vessels that transport lympth excess tissue fluid back to circulatory System

Question 40

What is Lymph

Answer 40

Fluid that drains from lymph capillaries into vessels and ducts that emply into large veins at neck

Question 41

Types of Heart failure (3)

Answer 41

Systolic dysfunction- decrease contractibility Diastolic dysfunction- decrease filling Mixed dysfunction- both

Question 42

Signs of left side failure

Answer 42

Activity intolerance, fatigue, weakness

Question 43

Right side heart failure symptoms

Answer 43

Weight gain, edema