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Automotive Level 2 > Gearbox > Flashcards

Gearbox Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 transmissions you may encounter in everyday life

A

Gear, chain, belt

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2
Q

Which type of transmission is commonly used in a bicycle?

A

Chain transmission

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3
Q

Which type of transmission commonly used in power drills?

A

Gear transmission

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4
Q

Describe what a gear transmission looks like. Do the same for chain transmission and belt

A

A bunch of cogs connected together.
A chain wrapped around a cog at one end and a cog at the other.
A rubber belt wrapped around a cog at one end and a cog at the other.

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5
Q

What kind of transmission is used in an engine?

A

Belt transmission

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6
Q

What are gear teeth?

A

The things that jut out and connect the gears (like cogs)

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7
Q

Name the 2 types of gear teeth

A

Straight, involute

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8
Q

What is the term for 2 or more gear wheels in series?

A

A gear train

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9
Q

What do straight gear teeth look like? What do involute gear teeth look like?

A

Square/angled.
Rounded.

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10
Q

When gear teeth are diagonal across the gear, what are they called?

A

Helical gears

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11
Q

Give 3 benefits of helical gears

A

Transmit greater force
Smaller gear wheels can be used than with spur gears
Less noisy

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12
Q

List 4 types of commonly used gears

A

Straight cut gear
Bevel gear
Worm gear
Rack gear

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13
Q

Give 1 advantage of using gears

A

High power density

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14
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of using gears

A

High production cost, noisiness

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15
Q

What’s another name for belt transmission?

A

A belt drive

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16
Q

How is gear ratio connected in a belt drive/transmission?

A

By using pulleys of different sizes

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17
Q

Name the 3 modern belt shapes

A

V-belt
Poly belt
Toothed belt

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18
Q

Why are belts shapes to slot into their corresponding pulleys?

A

To increase the friction as much as possible, to reduce chance of slippage

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19
Q

Give 2 advantages of belt transmissions

A

Relatively quiet, because of flexible belt
No lubrication needed

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20
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of belt transmissions

A

Prone to slippage, other than toothed belt
Power transfer is limited

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21
Q

In chain transmission, there are 2 things on either end connected by a chain. In belt transmission, there are 2 things on either end connected by a belt. What are the name for the ‘things’ in chain transmission. What about belt transmission?

A

Sprockets
Pulleys

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22
Q

How do you create a gear ratio?

A

By using sprockets/pulleys of different sizes

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23
Q

List the 5 parts of a chain

A

Pin
Outer plate
Inner plate
Roller
Bush

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24
Q

List 2 advantages of chain transmission

A

Does not slip
Greater forces can be transferred

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25
Q

List 2 disadvantages of chain transmission

A

Heavier than a belt
More expensive

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26
Q

Where is the gearbox located in rear wheel drive?

A

Between the clutch and the differential

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27
Q

What are the x and y axes of an engine graph

A

x = engine speed (rpm x 1000)
y = torque (Nm)

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28
Q

To put car in motion in first gear, is a high or low torque required?

A

High torque

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29
Q

What do gears in a gearbox do to torque?

A

Increase it

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30
Q

What’s the name for a reduction ratio in a gearbox?

A

A low gear

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31
Q

What happens to the rotational speed of the output shaft of the gearbox when second gear is selected in the gearbox?

A

The rotational speed increases

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32
Q

What is the gear where input and output revs are equal called?

A

The direct drive

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33
Q

What is/are the gear(s) where the output rotational speed is higher than the input rotational speed called?

A

The overdrive(s)

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34
Q

In what direction are the engine and gearbox mounted in a rear wheel drive car?

A

Longitudinally

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35
Q

What are the 2 kinds of reduction ratios that are possible in a gearbox?

A

Single reduction
Double reduction

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36
Q

When higher gears are selected, what happens to the reduction ratio?

A

There is less reduction

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37
Q

In direct drive, what is the reduction ratio? What has changed?

A

1:1
From double reduction to single reduction

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38
Q

What is the spur gear that reverses rotational direction, used for reverse called?

A

The idler gear

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39
Q

Do fifth and sixth gear have a high or a low ratio?

A

Low ratio

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40
Q

List 6 of the main components of the gearbox

A

Input shaft
Output shaft
Secondary shaft
Reverse gear auxilary shaft
Gear stick
Selector mechanism

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41
Q

What’s another name for the gear stick?

A

The gear lever

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42
Q

What are the 3 ways the gear lever and gear box can be linked

A

Hydraulic
Rods
Cables

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43
Q

In linking the gear lever and gearbox, how does gear selector linkage work?

A

The gear lever is linked to the gearbox by a system of rods

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44
Q

When gear selector linkage is used to link the gear lever and gearbox, what is moved to engage a specific gear

A

A synchroniser sleeve

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45
Q

Name the 3 main components of gear selector linkage

A

Shafts
Gear-selector forks
Synchroniser sleeve

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46
Q

What does the gear-selector fork fit into?

A

A recess in the synchroniser sleeve

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47
Q

Are the selector shafts stationary or moveable?

A

Moveable

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48
Q

How is the selector shaft moved?

A

Longitudinally

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49
Q

What is the function of the locking device on a selector shaft?

A

To keep the selector shaft in place

50
Q

What are the 2 main components of the locking device on a selector shaft? What does the locking device fit into?

A

Ball, spring
A notch

51
Q

If there are 6 gears including reverse and 3 selector shafts, why are there 3 notches for the locking device on each shaft rather than 2?

A

To select the neutral position

52
Q

What happens if 2 gears were selected at the same time? What prevents that from happening? Where is it located?

A

The gearbox would be damaged
The interlocking device
In between each of the 3 selector shafts

53
Q

What are the 2 main components of the interlocking device?

A

Ball, locking pin

54
Q

The gearbox is in 3rd gear. In the interlocking device, what is it that stop other selector shafts from moving, the balls or the locking pin? What would the answer be in 1st gear

A

The balls
The balls and the locking pin

55
Q

How many shafts are there in a gearbox? Name them

A

3
Input shaft
Output shaft
Secondary shaft

56
Q

Where is the input shaft located?

A

Between the clutch plate and the secondary shaft

57
Q

Where is the secondary shaft located?

A

Between the input and output shafts

58
Q

Where is the output shaft located?

A

Between the secondary shaft and the drive shaft

59
Q

How are the gear wheels for all gears except reverse mounted onto the output shaft?

A

With a needle bearing

60
Q

How are the synchroniser devices mounted onto the output shaft?

A

With a spline

61
Q

When neutral is selected, does the output shaft rotate or not?

A

It doesn’t

62
Q

When the output shaft stops rotating, the gear wheels on the output shaft stop rotating.
True or false? Explain

A

False
They are not fixed to the output shaft, so they continue freewheeling

63
Q

How are the gear wheels connected the output shaft?

A

They are mounted, using bearings, not fixed

64
Q

The gear wheels are not fixed to the output shaft. Is this also true for the synchroniser devices?

A

No, they are fixed

65
Q

What does a synchroniser device do to a gear wheel when a gear is engaged?

A

Links them to the output shaft

66
Q

Which shaft in the gearbox is connected to the cardan shaft?

A

The output shaft

67
Q

Lift the 4 shafts found in a gearbox

A

Input
Output
Secondary
Auxiliary

68
Q

What component enables the selection of a specific gear?

A

The synchro hub sleeves

69
Q

If there are gears used in the input & output shafts and the secondary shaft, what type of gear train is it?

A

A compound gear train

70
Q

Which is the gear setting without a compound gear train? Why?

A

4th gear.
It’s direct drive.

71
Q

Which shaft is freewheeling when the car is in neutral?

A

The output shaft

72
Q

What is the gear ratio in 1st gear

A

1:1

73
Q

Which gear wheel is fixed to the output shaft and not directly driven from the secondary shaft?

A

Reverse gear

74
Q

List 2 differences between reverse gear and the rest of the gears

A

The gear wheel slides into gear, not the synchro hub
The gear wheel has straight cut teeth

75
Q

The gear index is the ratio of the number of teeth on the gear wheels. What else is it?

A

The ratio between rotational speeds of the input shaft and output shaft

76
Q

What’s the name for the ratio between rotational speeds of the input shaft and output shaft?

A

The gear index

77
Q

The gear index is the ratio between rotational speeds of the input shaft and output shaft. What else is it?

A

The ratio of the number of the teeth of the gear wheels

78
Q

Give 3 formulas to calculate the gear index

A

Number of teeth on driven wheel / number of teeth on driving wheel
Rotational speed in / rotational speed out
Torque out / torque in

79
Q

In the formulas for gear index, what do each of these letters mean:
i
z1
z2
n
T

A

Gear index
Number of teeth on driving wheel
Number of teeth on driven wheel
Rotational speed
Torque

80
Q

A gear index is just the ratio for one of the 6 or 7 gears. How do you calculate the total gear index (gear index for all gears together)

A

i1 x i2 x i3 etc.

81
Q

If you know the input rotational speed, and you know the gear index, how do you calculate the output rotational speed?

A

Output rotational speed = input rotational speed / gear index

82
Q

In compound gear trains other than reverse, how many gear indexes are there for each gear setting? How many gear wheels are involved in each index?

A

2
2

83
Q

Name one other vehicle in which can a gear ratio be found?

A

Mountain bikes

84
Q

How many gear wheels are needing to have a gear? What are these 2 gears called?

A

2
The driving wheel
The driven wheel

85
Q

Is the driving wheel or the driven wheel driven by the electric motor?

A

The driving wheel

86
Q

List 3 qualities that the gear ratio can change

A

Torque
Rotational speed
Direction of rotation

87
Q

When considering the only 2 gears needed to produce a gear ratio, what is the gearbox’s equivalent to the driving wheel. What about the driven wheel?

A

The input shaft
The output shaft

88
Q

If the number of teeth on the driving wheel is 40 and the number of teeth on the driven wheel is 20, what is the gear ratio? Is it 1:2 or 2:1?

A

1:2

89
Q

If you are given the gear ratio (a:b), how do you calculate the gear index?

A

a:b
b / a = gear index

90
Q

When an extra gear wheel is added in between the driving wheel and driven wheel, what happens to the rotational direction of the driven wheel?

A

It rotates in the same direction as the driving wheel, rather than the opposite

91
Q

When an extra gear wheel is added in between the driving wheel and driven wheel, what is the name for this extra wheel? What effect does the number of teeth on the intermediate wheel have on the rotational speed of the driven wheel?

A

Stud wheel
No effect

92
Q

There can be more than 1 stud wheel in a gear train. Is the driven wheel the same or the opposite rotational direction of the driving wheel if there are 9 wheels in total? Why?

A

The rotational direction is the same.
There is an odd number of gear wheels.

93
Q

There can be more than 1 stud wheel in a gear train. Is the driven wheel the same or the opposite rotational direction of the driving wheel if there are 10 wheels in total? Why?

A

The rotational direction is the opposite.
There is an even number of gear wheels.

94
Q

There are 2 connected gear wheels rotating opposite directions. Wheel A is larger than Wheel B. Which one is rotating faster?

A

Wheel B

95
Q

If the driving wheel is larger than the driven wheel, is the transmission a reduction or an overdrive?

A

Overdrive

96
Q

If the driven wheel is larger than the driving wheel, is the transmission a reduction or an overdrive?

A

Reduction

97
Q

When dealing with a transmission with just a driving wheel and a driven wheel, which unit is a better way to calculate rotational speed?

A

Number of teeth

98
Q

You are given the gear index of 2 and the input speed of 20 rpm. How would you calculate the output speed and what is the answer?

A

Output speed = input speed / index
20 / 2 = 10 rpm

99
Q

If the gear index is greater than 1, is the transmission an overdrive or a reduction?

A

A reduction

100
Q

What is torque measured in?

A

Newton metres

101
Q

Take 2 of the formulas for gear index, one involving number of teeth and other involving torque. Which one is out divided by in? Which one is in divided by out?

A

Torque
Number of teeth

102
Q

Fill in the gaps:
Gear index = no. of teeth on [___] wheel / no. of teeth on [___] wheel

A

Driven
Driving

103
Q

Define dual transmission

A

2 transmissions, operating consecutively

104
Q

If there is a stud wheel in between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, are there 2 gear indexes or is the stud wheel factored in to produce one index?

A

There are 2 gear indexes, where the stud acts as the driven wheel in the first and the driving wheel in the second

105
Q

When there is a stud wheel in between the driving wheel and driven wheel, there are 2 gear indexes. How do you calculate the total gear index?

A

Multiply them together

106
Q

What effect does having a dual transmission have? (2 points)

A

A much greater acceleration or deceleration, therefore much higher or lower torque

107
Q

How can you calculate output torque?

A

Multiplying input torque and gear index

108
Q

When you shift up in gear, what happens to the engine speed?

A

It decreases

109
Q

Why are gear ratios applied?

A

Different cars have uses for different ratios

110
Q

What is true about a vehicle with a lot of power?

A

A) There need to be more gears
B) There can be less gears

111
Q

List the 3 main types of sequences found in gearboxes

A

Progressive gear change
Geometric gear change
Reciprocal arithmetic gear change

112
Q

What is a different name for geometric gear jump?

A

Geometric sequence

113
Q

What is the x axis on a gear graph? What is the y axis? (Also name the units of measurement)

A

Rotational speed (engine speed) in rpm
Car speed in km/h or mph

114
Q

What kind of vehicle is a geometric gear jump applied to?

A

Trucks

115
Q

What is another name for a progressive gear jump?

A

Adjusted geometric sequence

116
Q

Out of progressive gear jumps and geometric gear jumps, which one is running horizontally? Which one is linear?

A

Geometric gear jump
Progressive gear jump

117
Q

What kind of vehicle is the progressive gear jump (adjusted geometric sequence) used on?

A

Cars

118
Q

Give 2 facts about the progressive gear jump

A

The gear jump is greater in lower gears
The gear jump is smaller in higher gears

119
Q

Will a less powerful engine require more or less gears?

A

More gears

120
Q

Which is determined first, the number of gears or the power of the engine?

A

The engine power

121
Q
A

Automotive Level 2 (20 decks)

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