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Automotive Level 2 > Tools, Fabrication and Measuring Devises > Flashcards

Tools, Fabrication and Measuring Devises Flashcards

1
Q

Define malleability

A

The ability to be bent or reshaped without snapping back into the original shape

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2
Q

Define elasticity in terms of metal

A

The ability to be bent or reshaped but snap back into the original shape

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3
Q

Define toughness in terms of metal

A

The ability to resist being compressed under force

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4
Q

Define tensile

A

The amount of stretching/tension a metal can take without breaking

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5
Q

Define ductile

A

The ability to be bent or stretched without breaking

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6
Q

What is low carbon steel used for

A

Wheel rims, covers, screws, washers, bolts, nuts, fasteners

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7
Q

What is high carbon steel used for

A

Frames, chassis, bushings, door panels, support beams, mufflers

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8
Q

What is boron steel used for? Why?

A

Side impact bars
High strength but low weight

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9
Q

What are aluminium alloys used for

A

Cylinder heads and wheels

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10
Q

Give 2 advantages of brass

A

Corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity

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11
Q

Give 3 advantages of copper

A

Electrical conductivity, heat conductivity, softness

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12
Q

How is the front wind screen different to the glass in other windows of the car

A

The windscreen is tempered glass, the rest are laminated.

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13
Q

What did brake pads used to be made of? What are they now?

A

Asbestos, kevlar

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14
Q

What is the main type of saw we use?

A

Hacksaw

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15
Q

What is the main type of hammer we use

A

Ball peen hammer

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16
Q

What is the tool used to make threads in holes drilled into metal

A

Threading tap

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17
Q

What’s the name for a metal ruler?

A

Steel rule

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18
Q

What’s the tool used to remove broken bolts?

A

Stud remover

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19
Q

Why is the chance of an axle stand failing very low?

A

It’s completely mechanical and has a sturdy design

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20
Q

What are axle stands usually made of? What’s a slightly less common alternative?

A

Steel
Aluminium

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21
Q

How is a tubular type axle stand locked?

A

The steel pin enters both the hole in the stand and in the tube inside, locking them both in one place

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22
Q

How is an axle stand with a toothed section locked?

A

The steel handle is released and the toothed section is lowered

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23
Q

List 3 things to check are correct when jacking up a vehicle

A

Using an axle stand once the vehicle is at its desired height
Using correct jacking points
Checking the ground is level and firm

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24
Q

What do you do if unsure about the suitability of jacking points?

A

Consult the vehicle’s manual or handbook

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25
Q

What are the 2 basic categories for threaded fasteners?

A

Bolts, studs

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26
Q

List 2 characteristics of a bolt

A

The cylindrical part has a thread
One end has a head

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27
Q

Give 1 characteristic of a stud

A

One stud can have 2 ends with different threads

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28
Q

How do you determine the length of a bolt?

A

The full length of the bolt, head not included

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29
Q

How do you calculate the thread depth of a bolt or stud?

A

(outer diameter - inner diameter) / 2

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30
Q

What is the pitch of the bolt thread?

A

Number of threads per cm/inch

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31
Q

What is meant by a coarse pitch thread?

A

Less threads per cm/inch

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32
Q

What are clockwise threads referred to as?

A

Right-hand threads

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33
Q

Anti-clockwise threads are known as left-hand threads. Are right or left hand threads used most often?

A

Right-hand threads

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34
Q

Does a left-hand thread run bottom right to top left or bottom left to top right?

A

Bottom right to top left

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35
Q

What does UNC stand for? What does it mean?

A

Unified National Coarse
A coarse thread

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36
Q

What does UNF stand for? What does it mean?

A

Unified National Fine
A fine thread

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37
Q

What are the 2 main types of thread?

A

Imperial (inches) and metric (mm)

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38
Q

Are UNC and UNF measured in inches or mm?

A

Inches

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39
Q

In UNC sizes, what does 5/16-18 mean?

A

5/16 of an inch diameter
18 threads per inch pitch

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40
Q

According to metric measurements, what does M8 x 0.75 mean?

A

8mm diameter
0.75 thread per mm pitch

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41
Q

If in metric sizes, it only says M8, without the second part (e.g. x 0.75), what is the pitch assumed to be?
What about these:
M1, M2, M3, M4, M7, M10

A

1.25mm
0.25
0.4
0.5
0.7
1
1.5

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42
Q

List 3 factors the tensile strength of a bolt depends on

A

The material
The manufacturing method
The hardening process

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43
Q

According to the SAE norm, how can you find out the tensile strength of a bolt?

A

Count the number of marks on the bolt head. A higher number means a higher tensile strength.

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44
Q

According to the ISO norm, how can you find out the tensile strength of a bolt? What else can you find out?

A

Look at the numbers of the bolt head. The higher the number before the dot, the higher the tensile strength.
The number after the dot indicates the maximum elongation.
(e.g. 8.8)

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45
Q

Why are washers used? (2 reasons)

A

To prevent the bolted joint from coming loose
To prevent damaging the surfaces

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46
Q

List 4 types of washers

A

Star washer
Spring washer
Repair washer
Flat washer

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47
Q

Name 2 types of washers designed to lock a bolted joint

A

Star washer
Spring washer

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48
Q

How do star washers and spring washers lock onto bolted joints?

A

The flattening of the ring provides a pre-load

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49
Q

When are nuts used in a bolted joint?

A

When the object itself has no internal thread

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50
Q

List 6 types of nut

A

Flange nut
Normal nut
Crown nut
Oval flange nut
Cap nut
Nut with a nyloc ring

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51
Q

What is a self-locking nut? List 4 self-locking nuts.

A

A nut that will not come loose due to vibrations.
Crown nut
Castle nut
Oval flange nut
Nut with a nylon ring

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52
Q

Which type of locking nut requires an extra part to provide locking?

A

A crown nut

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53
Q

Which 2 methods are used in the metric system to show the strength of a nut?

A

A colour
A number

54
Q

What did imperial nuts used to be marked with to indicate strength? What is used now?

A

Radial marks
A dot and dash

55
Q

How can you tell the strength of a nut by a dot and a dash?

A

The closer together they are, the stronger the nut

56
Q

What are spanners most commonly made out of?

A

The steel alloy Chromium-Vanadium

57
Q

Give 2 reasons that spanners are heat-treated and chromium-plated

A

To enhance durability
To reduce fragility

58
Q

Is a spanner that is too small or too big more likely to damage a bolt head.

A

An oversized spanner

59
Q

Describe a ring spanner

A

A spanner with closed ends, like a ratchet but not rotating

60
Q

Give 2 advantages of a ring spanner

A

2 different sizes at each end, so more versatile
A relatively large force can be transferred compared to fork spanners

61
Q

Describe a fork spanner (3 points)

A

A spanner with open ends on both sides
Different sizes at each end
Spanner head is usually at a 15 degree angle

62
Q

Why doesn’t a fork spanner transfer as much force as a ring spanner?

A

Only 2 contact faces

63
Q

What’s the name for a spanner with a ring spanner on one end and a fork spanner on the other?

A

Combination spanner

64
Q

What’s another name for an adjustable spanner?

A

A shifting spanner

65
Q

What on the adjustable hammer is used to adjust it?

A

The spindle

66
Q

What does a pipe spanner look like

A

Both sides look like a combination of a ring and fork spanner (a ring spanner that isn’t fully connected)

67
Q

Why is a pipe spanner preferable when repairing a brake pipe?

A

More contact faces reduce the risk of slipping and damaging the bolt or nut, but a ring spanner wouldn’t be able to get onto it because the pipe would be in the way of the closed end

68
Q

What’s the spanner with a fork spanner on one end and a ratchet on the other called?

A

A ratchet ring spanner

69
Q

What does 1 N mean?

A

1 Newton

70
Q

If a 1 N force is exerted on a 1 metre bar, what will the torque at the end of the bar be? So what is the calculation? Write it in 2 ways.

A

1 Nm (Newton metre)
Force x distance = torque
N x m = Nm

71
Q

What does a torque wrench do?

A

Tightens nuts and bolts to a particular torque

72
Q

In using a torque wrench, you turn the knob to set the torque to 95 Nm. How do you know when the nut/bolt you’re tightening is at 95 Nm?

A

It will click

73
Q

Why do you have to loosen a torque wrench back to its lowest value
after use?

A

Otherwise, it will become inaccurate

74
Q

What is the lowest measurement that can be made by a micrometer?

A

0.01mm

75
Q

What is the lowest measurement that can be made by a steel rule?

A

0.5mm

76
Q

What does DTI stand for?

A

Dial test indicator

77
Q

What is the lowest measurement that can be made by a DTI?

A

0.01mm

78
Q

What is the OHMS law calculation in letters? What do they mean?

A

V = IR
Voltage = current x resistance

79
Q

What tool do you use to measure the gap of a spark plug?

A

Gap gauge/feeling gauge

80
Q

What is the typical shelf life of a tyre?

A

5-6 years

81
Q

State the 2 types of glass normally used on a motor vehicle

A

Tempered glass, laminated glass

82
Q

In the calculation for OHMS law, what measurements are used for resistance, voltage and current?

A

Ohms
Volts
Amps

83
Q

What type of hammer is used in conjunction with a Dolly block?

A

Long pick hammer

84
Q

How many micrometres are there in a millimetre?

A

1000

85
Q

List 6 components of a micrometer

A

Heat-insulated handle
Anvil
Measuring spindle
Barrel
Ratchet
Lock lever

86
Q

Where do you hold the micrometre when you’re going to take a measurement? Why?

A

The heat insulated handle. The micrometre can expand due to the heat of your hand.

87
Q

What 3 dimensions can you measure with a caliper?

A

Internal, external, depth

88
Q

In which situations are pop rivets used? What kind of joint do they make?

A

To join 2 or more parts
A semi-permanent joint that can be separated fairly easily

89
Q

Many modern engines have a cylinder head gasket which is made from:

A

Multiple layers of steel

90
Q

Should metal files be stored together without protecting the teeth?

A

No

91
Q

When carrying out fitting activities on a vehicle is it important to allow for temperature change when considering clearance and tolerances?

A

Yes

92
Q

What are feeler gauges used to measure?

A

Gaps in metals

93
Q

What is PTFE used as an electrical insulator for?

A

Cables

94
Q

WHat drill size should be used when tapping an 8mm thread into a metal?

A

6.8mm

95
Q

What do you do before using an ohmmeter?

A

Calibrating it

96
Q

Is copper ductile and malleable?

A

Yes

97
Q

When should you not remove the leads from a battery?

A

When it is being charged

98
Q

At what temperature does steel go cherry red?

A

700 to 800 degrees celsius

99
Q

Should you use ammeters across the terminals of batteries?

A

No

100
Q

When cutting very hard thin metals with a hacksaw, what teeth does the saw require?

A

Wavy set with 32 teeth per inch

101
Q

What metal does a ferrous metal contain a large proportion of?

A

Iron

102
Q

What does it mean for a material to have high plasticity?

A

Can be permanently deformed without breaking

103
Q

What’s the opposite of a threading tap?

A

A threading die

104
Q

What 2 tools are used to clean and restore threads?

A

A thread file
Die nut

105
Q

What’s the thing that looks like a compass but isn’t?

A

A divider

106
Q

What on a car are alloy steels used for?

A

The most highly stressed components

107
Q

Are steels ferrous?

A

Yes

108
Q

Give one example of an aluminium alloy

A

Chromium

109
Q

Define cast iron

A

Iron with 2% or more carbon

110
Q

Give one synonym for tempered

A

Hardened

111
Q

Describe the process of annealing. What is the effect on the material?

A

Heat a material above its recrystalisation temperature and maintain it there, then cool.
Increased ductility and toughness.

112
Q

How is steel treated when it’s become too hard and not ductile enough? What is this process called?

A

It’s heated until it’s cherry red, then left to cool in the open air.
Normalising.

113
Q

When is ceramic used on cars?

A

A wax-like coating

113
Q

Name 3 parts of a car that can be made of kevlar

A

Brake pads, clutches, gaskets

114
Q

Describe the properties of thermosetting plastics

A

Permanently hardened and fixed

115
Q

Describe the properties of thermoplastics

A

Hardened and fixed while cool but malleable while hot

116
Q

Why is the glass in the front windshield tempered rather than laminated?

A

So if it smashes, the driver can still see

117
Q

Name the 2 types of rubber

A

Natural and synthetic

118
Q

What does it mean to vulcanise rubber? What kind of rubber is it done to?

A

Add sulphur to improve elasticity and prevent perishing.
Natural rubber from tree sap.

119
Q

How is tempered glass made?

A

Heating and cooling it rapidly using blowers

120
Q

Give 2 potential issues that could come from over-tightening nuts and bolts

A

Elongation
Thread deformation

121
Q

How do nyloc nuts prevent themselves from coming loose?

A

By squeezing the threads of the bolt as the nut is tightened

122
Q

Give the name for each fit:
A fit with more than enough space
A fit with less than enough space
A fit in the middle

A

Clearance fit
Interference fit
Push fit

123
Q

What do you do if a hydraulic jack is leaking?

A

Notify the supervisor

124
Q

Name the 6 pronged star profile scredriver

A

Torx

125
Q

What is the rivet with only one side access

A

Blind rivet

126
Q

What tool is used to tap moulding into place?

A

RUbber mallet

127
Q

Why is low carbon steel used on the bodywork?

A

Easy to mould into shape

128
Q

What tool is often used in very confined spaces

A

Body spoon

129
Q

What tool is often used with a beating file

A

Wooden mallet

130
Q

ABS measures wheel speed using what?

A

Magnetic sensor

Automotive Level 2 (20 decks)

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