gen chem Flashcards by Andrea Jane B. Joriza

QUANTUM NUMBERS

PRINCIPAL
AZIMUTHAL
MAGNETIC
SPIN

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Describes the energy of an electron and the most probable distance of an electron from the nucleus
SYMBOL (n)

PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER

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Describe the shape of the orbital Also known as Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum Numbers
Symbol: (l)

Azimuthal Quantum Numbers

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Describe the energy level in a shell
It explains the effect of an orbital in magnetic field
Ex. The orientation on an orbital
Symbol: ml

Magnetic Quantum Numbers

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Refers to the spin of an electron which can either be up or down
Symbol : ms

SPIN QUANTUM NUMBERS

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It refers to the magnetic state of an atom with one or more unpaired electrons magnetic dipole moments

Paramagnetic

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characterized by paired electrons.
- there is no net magnetic moment,
- the atom cannot be attracted into a magnetic field.

Diamagnetic

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very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule

Lewis Structure

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The tendency of an atom to form bonds until it is surrounded by eight valences electrons

Octet Rule

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is a group of atoms that is responsible for the chemical behavior of the molecule

Functional Groups

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SUBSTITUENT DERIVED BY REMOVING ONE HYDROGEN FROM ALKANE CHAIN

ALKYL

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THE SIMPLEST OF ALL HYDROCARBONS
METHANE IS SIMPLEST OF ALL AKANES

ALKANES

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one

alkane

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contains an oxygen atom that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one carbon atom with the
Formula: R-OH

Alcohol

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ARE HYDROCARBONS THAT CONTAIN AT LEAST ONE CARBON TO CARBON DOUBLE BOND

ALKENES

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CONTAIN ONE OR MORE TRIPLE BONDS BETWEEN NEIGHBORING CARBON ATOMS.

ALKYNES

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two

alkene

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three

alkyne

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consist of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms

ethers

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has a carbonyl in which the carbdehydeson atom is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

ALdehydes

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which the carbon atom is bonded to an OH group on one side and either a carbon or hydrogen atom on the other.

Carboxylic Acid

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involve a carbonyl in which the carbon atom makes single bonds with two R-groups

Ketones

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contain s a carbonyl where the carbon is bonded to one additional oxygen atom and one carbon or or a hydrogen atom

ESTER

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consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrocarbons
-organic compounds that contain nitrogen atoms with a lone pair

Amine

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-a carbonyl in which the carbon is attached to one nitrogen atom and one carbon or hydrogen

Amide

methane

butane

propane

ethane

pentane

hexane

octane

heptane

nonane

decane

is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the entire

Mercury

Bonding

Venus

has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere

Venus

Structure

Mercury

Electrons

mercury

protons

venus

neutrons

mars

A journey into atomic structure

Exploration Subatomic Quantum Spectrum

actually a cold planet. It’s full of iron oxide dust

mars

exploration

venus

subatomic

mars

quantum

jupiter

the biggest planet in the Solar System

jupiter

Spectrum

Saturn

a gas giant and has several rings

Saturn

Types of molecular geometry

shapes bonds angles geometry symmetry sterics

bonds

venus

shapes

mercury

angles

mars

geometry

Jupiter

symmetry

Saturn

the farthest planet from the Sun

Neptune

Atomic spectroscopy

Emission elements spectra energy anaylsis

Sterics

Neptune

elements

venus

Emission

mercury

spectra

mars

energy

jupiter

analysis

saturn

Jupiter's rotation period

9h 55m 23s

The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s

333,000

Distance between Earth and the Moon

386,000 km

percentage of jupiter

45%

percentage of venus

30%

17th century

Atomic theory

5th century

Ancient Greece

percentage of mars

80%

19th century

Subatomic particles

20th century

Quantum mechanics

a gas law that states that a gas's pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

boyle's law

formula of boyle's law

P1V1 = P2V2

who proposed boyle's law

physicist Robert Boyle

Who proposed the Charles Law?

physicist Jacques Charles

formula of charle's law

V1 V2 T1 T2

This law describes how a gas expands as the temperature increases; conversely, a decrease in temperature will lead to a decrease in volume

charle's law

equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules.

Avogadro's law

who proposed avogadro's law

chemist Amadeo Avogadro

formula of avogadro's law

V1 V2 N1 N2

gen chem Flashcards

exam Q2 (83 cards)