Gen Path Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
Plays a role in the degradation of fatty acid:
A. Lysosome
B. Proteasome
C. Peroxisome
A
C. Peroxisome
2
Q
Acts as cofactor in clotting of blood:
A
A. Phosphatidylserine
3
Q
Extracellular proteins associated with membrane thru:
A
glycosylphosphatidylinositol
4
Q
Increase vascular permeability seen in wound healing is associated by:
A
Transcytosis
5
Q
A cesarean section is performed on a 20yo woman to deliver term infant and the lower abdominal incision is sutured. The suture is is removed 1 week later. Which describes the wound site at the time of suture removal?
A
Granulation tissue is still present
6
Q
Type of collagen deficient in osteogenesis imperfecta:
A
Type 1 Collagen
7
Q
Type of quiscent cells, except?
A
D. Hematopoietic cells
8
Q
Type of permanent cells, except?
A
B. Pancreas cells
9
Q
Labile tissues, except:
A. Epithelial lining of skin
B. Lining of stomach
C. Satellite cells
D. Lining epithelium of uterus
A
C. Satellite cells
10
Q
8yr old boy mentally retarded can do daily activity like dressing. On patient’s exam the patient has brachycephaly and oblique palpebral fissure .Px abnormality?
A
B. Trisomy chromosome 21
11
Q
Genetic defect (case: Down Syndrome)
A
B. Trisomy chromosome 21
12
Q
Detects upon clinical examination: Down Syndrome
A
Heart murmur
13
Q
What abnormality will you see in this patient? (Down syndrome)
A. Brushfield spots C. Keyser-fleischer rings
B. Lisch nodules D. Cafe au lait spots
A
A. Brushfield spots
14
Q
The abnormality that caused the disease is caused by?
A. Trinucleotide repeats C. Maternal nondisjunction
B. Single nucleotide polymorphism
D. Ring Chromosome formation
A
C. Maternal nondisjunction
15
Q
Abnormal clone hepatocyte will destroy by -
a. Natural killer
b. Macrophage
c. Cd8
A
c. Cd8
16
Q
When infected by measles, the role of the measle virus in specificity is
A
a. Splicing…
17
Q
200 V, 5 J, 2 isotypes with one heavy chain =
A
2000
18
Q
2yo SCID lacks CD3 =
A
Lack both CD4 & CD
19
Q
46 y/o female with RA, easily tired with occasional fever,
A
maculoimmunoglobulin test positive for anti-smith and ana
20
Q
46 y/o female with RA, easily tired with occasional fever,
Refer to case above, Characterized by :
A
deposition of immune complexes
21
Q
46 y/o female with RA, easily tired with occasional fever
kind of antigen:
A
Anti-nuclear antigens
22
Q
An example of type III reaction
A. Tuberculosis
B. Contact dermatitis
C. Anaphylactic shock
D. Arthus reaction
A
D. Arthus reaction
23
Q
- Neutrophil that has engulfed the antibody coated nucleus of another nehtrophil?
A
LE CELL
24
Q
Jose is a 1-yr old boy that had multiple bacterial infections. His B-cells are defective
What is the most likely condition?
A
- Bruton agammaglobulinemia
25
Jose is a 1-yr old boy that had multiple bacterial infections. His B-cells are defective
```
Low levels of?
A. Interleukin
B. IgG
C. IgM
D.IgA
E. IgE
```
B. IgG
26
Jose is a 1-yr old boy that had multiple bacterial infections. His B-cells are defective
Instead of b-cells, Jose's t cells functions, thymus is absent, has developmental abnormalities of the face
a. Scid
b. Wiscott
c. Bruton
d. Duchenne
c.Bruton
27
Complaining of yellow to white plaque in his mouth, white plaque in his tongue, cannot be scraped off. His CD4 count is below 34. The patient (Jose) can be at risk of an opportunistic infection if:
Once the CD4 is below 500
28
Attached to HIV:
gp120
29
Move through pseudopods:
Entamoeba histolytica
30
Africal sleeping sickness:
tsetse fly
31
Macroparasite:
Dermatobia hominis
32
Leishmaniasis vector:
Sandfly
33
5y/o complaining of abdominal pain, fatigue, and diarrhea. Stool exam revealed barrel shaped eggs with bipolar mucus plug
What is a complication of this parasite infection:
rectal prolapse
34
5y/o complaining of abdominal pain, fatigue, and diarrhea. Stool exam revealed barrel shaped eggs with bipolar mucus plug
The infectious agent is also called:
whipworm
35
5y/o complaining of abdominal pain, fatigue, and diarrhea. Stool exam revealed barrel shaped eggs with bipolar mucus plug
In kwashiorkor:
flaky paint rash
36
Anorexic females suffer from amenorrhea due to:
A. Insufficient production of GnRH
B. Idiopathic ovarian atrophy
C. Fallopian tube narrowing
D. Estrogen overproduction
A. Insufficient production of GnRH
37
Which of the ff is a water soluble vitamin?
A. Retinol
B. Alpha tocopherol
C. Menaquinone
D. Ascorbic acid
D. Ascorbic acid
38
The K in vit. K is due to the German word for:
A. Coronary
B. Coagulation
C. Cerebral
D. Coital
B. Coagulation
39
Pellagra is a disease caused by lack of which vitamin?
Vitamin B3
40
Which term refers to organ absence?
A. Acencephaly
B. Agenesis
B. Agenesis
41
Maternal hypoglycemia is least associated with:
a. Fetal macrosmia
b. Low birth weight
c. Cardiac anomaly
d. NTD
b. Low birth weight
42
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases risk for:
a. Fetal macrosmia
b. Low birth weight
c. Cardiac anomaly
d. NTD
b. Low birth weight
43
Functions of cellular housekeeping except
A. Protection from the environment
B. Communication
C.Movement
D.Apoptosis of senescent cells
D.Apoptosis of senescent cells
44
Environmental teratogen that disrupts HOX proteins
A. Vit. a
B. Valproic acid
C. thalidomide
B. Valproic acid
45
Infant born to mother exposed to retinoic acid will have defect on:
A. CNS
B. Respiratory system
C. Renal system
D. Skeletal system
A. CNS
46
True of PROM
A. refers to spontaneous ROM after 37 gestation
B. refers to spontaneous ROM BEFORE 37 gestation
C. Maternal alcoholism
D. AOTA
B. refers to spontaneous ROM BEFORE 37 gestation
47
The most common cause of preterm labor with and without intact
Placental abnormalities
48
Inflammation of placenta
a. Funitis
b. Villitis
c. Chorioamnionitis
d. Placentitis
c. Chorioamnionitis
49
Most common salivary form in children:
Mucoepidermoid
50
True of type2 muscles fiber except
a. For sudden movement
b. Light stained
c. Abundant lipid
d. Abundant glycogen
c. Abundant lipid
51
There are scattered myocytes of adjacent motor nerve are small, normal neurons and nerve fibers
a. Segmental demyelinization
b. Axonal degeneration
c. Re……… of muscles
d. Myopathy
a. Segmental demyelinization
52
Increase in japanese community:
food preservatives
53
Thymic hyperplasia or thymoma, mostly affect occular muscle
Myasthenia gravis
54
Most common malignant salivari gland tumor
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
55
Warthin's tumor -
lymphocytes and epithelial cells
56
Routine dental x ray of a 32 year old woman. Asymptomatic with well circumscribed radiolucent expansile lesion on the posterior mandible. Biopsy reveals spicules of bone with osteoblastic rimming admixed with cellular fibrous stroma. Dx?
OSSIFYING FIBROMA
57
True of type 1 muscles fiber except
a. For fine movement
b. Dark stained
c. Abundant lipid
d. Abundant glycogen
d. Abundant glycogen
58
60. Bilateral cyst-
lymphoepidermoid cyst
59
Bilateral cyst - lymphoepidermoid cyst risk factor:
HIV
60
Lung tumor that is centrally located in the lung:
Squamous cell carcinoma
61
Female...with breast tumor surgically removed that is locally aggressive but not invasive, no lymph node nor organ metastasis:
(Carcinoma-in-situ) Stage 0 *something like that staging ng cancer yung question e*
62
A patient undergoes surgical resection of gastric neoplasm previously diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor on biopsy. This type of tumor is presumably derived from which one of the following cells?
A. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
B. Smooth muscle cells
C. Myofibroblasts
D. Interstitial Cells of Cajal
D. Interstitial Cells of Cajal
63
A previously healthy 10-year-old girl develops a gastrointestinal infection with cramping and watery stool. Several days after, she passes blood per rectum and gets hospitalized for dehydration. In the hospital, her urine output is decreasing, and her blood urea nitrogen is rising. Her blood test reveals anemia and thrombocytopenia, and the peripheral blood smear shows fragmented red cells. Infection of which one of the following pathogens is most likely responsible for this syndrome?
A. Campylobacter
B. Salmonella
C. Shigella
D. Vibrio
C. Shigella
64
spindle cell tumor in esophagus
Leiomyoma
65
Duodenum lesion
h.pylori
66
Most likely to be seen in a submucosal biopsy with Hirschsprung's disease?
- Absence of ganglion cells in myenteric plexus
67
Causes of Restrictive function except
A. Endomyocardial fibrosis
B. Endocardial fibroelastosis
C. Loeffler endocarditis
D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C. Loeffler endocarditis
68
Most common cause of endocarditis-
virus
69
Most common cause of viral myocarditis
A. Cmv
B. Influenza
C. Hiv
D. Coxsackie A or B
D. Coxsackie A or B
70
Acute infective endocarditis typically:
A. S.aureus
71
Subacute infective endocarditis typically caused by?
A. S.aureus
B. S.epidermidis
C. Viridans
D. Influenza virus
C. Viridans
72
Noninvasive low grade carcinoma:
A. Activation mutation of HRAS
B. Gain-of-Function mutation of FGFR3
C. Loss-of-Function mutation TP53 and RB gene
D. A and B are correct
D. A and B are correct
A. Activation mutation of HRAS
B. Gain-of-Function mutation of FGFR3
73
Tumors appear singly as small delicate structures attached to the mucosa by stalk
A. Exophytic
74
Classic presentation of urinary bladder carcinoma
Painless hematuria
75
Most common urinary bladder sarcoma of infancy and childhood
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
76
Greatest importance of post menopausal bleeding:
Carcinoma
77
Genetic alterations on non invasive papillary adenoma in the UB:
Gain of function mutations in FGFR3
78
Acquired congenital alterations that are strongly associated with high grade invasive urothelial carcinoma
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF TP53 AND RB TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
79
Er positive her 2 negative invasive breast carcinoma:
A. Basal
B. Luminal
C. Her 2 enriched
D. None of the above
B. Luminal
80
most common site of breast mass
Upper outer quadrant
81
45 yr old woman was diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma at the right breast. Radical mastectomy was done which entails removal of the right breast with axillary fat pads. Histopathology reveals 1.8 x 1.8cm mass and all lymphoid were negative for metastases. Further workup shows no tumor and metastases. What is the cancer stage?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
b. Stage 2
82
Fullness of neck, normal T4, increased TSH
A. Diffuse nontoxic goiter
B. Follicular adenoma
C. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
D. Subacute granulomatous
A. Diffuse nontoxic goiter
83
Graves' disease is characterised by:
Hyperthyoidism, exopthalmos, periorbital edema
84
True about Goiter:
Enlargement of thyroid with or without etiology
85
Histologic sections of a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland will characteristically reveal:
A. An amyloid neoplasm intermixed with neoplastic C cells
86
Most likely to have prolactin-secreting tumor of the anterior pituitary
A. 25 yr old female with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and neg pregnancy test
87
An anemic patient is noted to have hypochromic, microcytic red cells in the peripheral blood. Additional tests reveal the serum iron levels, the total iron-binding capacity and the transferrin saturation to be reduced. Bone marrow biopsy finds the iron to be present mainly within macrophages. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Anemia of chronic disease
B. Iron deficiency
C. Thalassemia trait
D. Pernicious anemia
A. Anemia of chronic disease
88
50 year old diabetic with end-stage nephropathy has a moderately severe normocytic anemia with a corrected reticulocyte count of less than 2%. the anemia of the patient will most likely respond to administration of which one of the following substances?
```
A. ferrous sulfate
B. corticosteroids
C. vit b12
D. folate
E. erythropoietin
```
E. erythropoietin
89
In severe anemia, expansion of marrow cavity with alterations in facial features is associated with?
BETA THALASSEMIA
90
A 13y/o girl was brought to the ER dept by her parents due to severe leg pain. She was aware she had some "blood disease" but she was not exactly sure what it is. PE 2cm ulcer on her lower leg that appears to extend to the bone. Her lower leg x-ray was unremarkable. Would(sic.) culture grew Salmonella. A PBS shows Howell-Jolly bodies. Which one of the ff was her most likely underlying cause?
A. Hereditary spherocytosis
B. G6PD-def
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Alpha thalassemia
A. Hereditary spherocytosis
91
MRI Suggests cerebromedullary malformation where the veremos of the cerebellum and the medulla are flat and protrudes out of the foramen magnum towards the spinal cord.
a. Dandy Walker Malformation
b. Arnold Chiary malformation
c. Lissencephly
d. Holoprocencephaly
b. Arnold Chiary malformation
