gender!

Question 1

what are the key concepts in this?

Answer 1

gender - social constuct
language - androcentric
gender roles are due to socialisation

Question 2

what does androcentric mean?

Answer 2

male centred

Question 3

what is the process of gender socialisation

Answer 3

manipulation, appellations, canalisation

Question 4

marked terms

Answer 4

those which stand out as different from the norm e.g. male nurse

Question 5

Diminutive suffixes?

Answer 5

Terms for women often ‘marked’ through addition of a suffix, e.g. ‘bachelorette’

Diminutive suffixes can imply a lesser status compared to their male counterparts.

Question 6

Generic terms?

Answer 6

Use of male pronouns to signify both men and women

This practice can contribute to the invisibility of women in language.

Question 7

Lexical asymmetry?

Answer 7

Pairs of words that should have the same meaning but one has negative connotations, e.g. ‘bachelor’ and ‘spinster’

Lexical asymmetry reflects societal attitudes towards gender.

Question 8

Overt prestige?

Answer 8

Using grammatically correct forms, traditionally associated with women

Overt prestige often aligns with standard language norms.

Question 9

Covert prestige?

Answer 9

Using non-standard language, usually associated with men

Covert prestige may reflect a rejection of standard norms and an embrace of community identity.

Question 10

What is the deficit model

Answer 10

Women’s language is assumed weak in relation to the male norm

The deficit model was discussed by linguists such as Jespersen and Lakoff.

Question 11

Who are two linguists associated with the deficit model?

Answer 11

Jesperson and Lakoff

They contributed to the understanding of language differences between genders.

Question 12

What is the dominance model

Answer 12

Males dominance in language reflects male dominance in society

Referenced theories by Spender and Zimmerman + West