power and occupation Flashcards
(22 cards)
instrumental power
used to maintain authority
influential power
used to influence/persuade others
language is part of…
Norman Fairclough (2001)
(power in discourse)
Power expressed through discourse
- language is part of society, cant be seen in isolation
- no language is neutral, interactions are are unequal interactions
- texts are underpinned by ideology
- language controls viewpoints
wareing (1999)
classifying power
political - politicians, police,law courts
personal - teachers, employers, parents
social group - white middle-class men
power in discourse
Power comes from what the text says and does
power behind discourse
the contextual factors which contribute to the expression
ideology
a set of beliefs
interpallation theory
texts act to position one of the participants by ‘hailing’ or ‘calling’ them. in doing so, the least powerful are put under pressure to accept the ‘world view’ expressed by the more powerful participant
topic management
conversational maxims
cooperative principles - in conversation, people tend to cooperate by making their contributions relevant and informative.
adjacency pairs
questions and answers
face threatening act
no politeness strategies
saving face
brown and levinson
negative - need to not be imposed on
positive - need to be liked and admired
power asymmetry
marked difference in power status of individuals involved in discourse
ameliorated verb
to make something sound better
Fairclough (2001 - advertising)
example of ideology at work by making relationship between the text producer and the text receiver by making a product image
Fairclough’s model for advertising
synthetic personalisation –> creating an image of a text –> building the consumer
demonstratives
this, these, those
deixtris
words that relate to person, place, time and rely on contextual understanding in order to interpret
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Language we use affects messages we communicate, think and act.
Problems occur when language use influences thinking in negative ways. These negative influences can be called politacally incorrect
catoegories of politically incorrect langjuagr
subtle - policeMAN
offesnive - slurs
blatent - cunt
rhetoric
the art of effecive speaking/writing
metonymy
thing or concept not called by its own name, but by the name of something associated with it.
