Gender and Organisations Flashcards
(19 cards)
ONS 2021 stats
Women are 1.8x more likely to experience insecure forms of work I.e. 0 contract hour/precarious jobs
What is horizontal segregation
When specific genders tend to end up/occupy specific professions I.e. skilled trades is majority men, caring/leisure/other services is majority women.
What is vertical segregation
People can climb up and see the top - but cannot break through and reach it (glass ceiling example)
FTSE100 real world example
Less than 50% of board members on the FTSE100 are women
How much is the gender pay gap among employees in uk (2022)
14.9% - despite there being an equal pay act there is not equal pay
Facts about the gap
Gap is widest for older women
Gap is slow to close and has stalled in recent years
UK women effectively work for free for two months of the year on account of the gap
There are various policies that try to tackle sex discrimination
Equal oppurtunities commission
Equal oppurtunity policy
Gender sensitivity
What are weaknesses of these policies
Tokenism- it is target driven
Treats all women as the same
Fails to tackle masculine cultures
There has still been no ‘gender quake
What are strategies to reduce gender inequality
Emphasis on women’s unique skills - women are viewed as different but better
Challenges structures of domination
Provide an alternative perspective to the stereotype
Forms of masculinity at work
Traditional authoritarianism such as bullying and fear
Gentleman’s club - assumption that men are born to rule
Careerism - valuing expertise and bureaucratic progression
Gender Blind - one of the boys
Strachan (2020) Gender Quake
Men are over represented still in executive positions and continue to have a high representation in senior positions
What is liberal feminism
Looking for equality in rights and oppurtunities
Martin (2006), Gentleman’s a club
Men who rated women in cafeteria collaborated to frame women as a asexual object
Strachan (2020), Gender Blind
“She’s on of the boys” - hidden gendered practices and processes currently concealed within norms, customs, and values.
Marxist perspective on gender (Harraway 2006)
The Marxist perspective is that social relations, including gender relations are shaped by the mode of economic system in place, thus gender inequality is not a cause of cultural differences; but actually a cause of the capitalist structure put in place
Rumens (2017), Modern Post-Feminist Culture
Men must negotiate the demands made upon them by feminism, treating women as equals; sharing child rearing and domestic responsibilities; and caring for their female partners who may be more empowered, autonomous, and successful in and outside work
Neo-Liberal Feminism (Dabrowski 2020)
This entails individual resilience, positive mental attitudes, and creates distinctions that perpetuate socio-economic inequalities
Good as it empowers women, and also allows them to advocate for systemic changes
Noon (2010) - the shackled runner
Idea that even though women are starting to get equal rights, is it fair to unshackle them with a 40 yard disadvantage I.e. is it fair to treat them the same when they are still so far behind. Adjustments/reperatioms for past discretions. Birmingham city council - all the women got paid same as men, now bankrupt
Equal opportunities policy
Makes it illegal to discriminate against people because of a protected characteristic they have
