gender dysphoria

Question 1

what is gender dysphoria

Answer 1

feeling upset bc gender assigned to you at birth doesn’t match how a person truly feels

Question 2

4 biological explanations

Answer 2

brain sex theory
genetic explanation
brain wiring
pre natal stress and hormones

Question 3

brain sex theory

Answer 3

gd caused by brain structure not matching with biological sex

Zhou et al -
post mortem of 6 MtF trans ppl had a female sized BSTc not male

Question 4

genetic explanation

Answer 4

hare et al
found that mtf more like to have longer androgen receptor levels , which makes them less responsive to test

leading to under masc of the Brian

Question 5

brain wiring

Answer 5

ramachndran - gd comes from cross wiring in. sensory cortex

2/3 of ftm , report phantom penis , suggesting their brain was wired for male body

Question 6

prenatal stress and hormones

Answer 6

exposure to specific chemicals e.g oestrogen like dioxins , during pregnancy may disrupt typical development

vreugenhil
boys who’s mothers were exposed to dioxins had more feminised play

Question 7

social psychological explanations

Answer 7

mental illness
mother son relationship
father daughter relationship

Question 8

mental illness

Answer 8

gd = coping mech for early trauma

coates
case study of boy who’s mum was depressed after abortion , developed gd as defence

Question 9

mother and son relationship

Answer 9

stoller
overly close mother son relationships , leads to bigger female identification in boys= causing gd

Question 10

father daughter relationship

Answer 10

zucker
girls identify as boys , due to paternal rejection
becoming male = seeing as way to Gian fathers acceptance

Question 11

limitation , Zhou

Answer 11

p- cause and effect issues
e- bstc diff found by Zhou , was found in adults that had undergone hormone treatment
e- dk if it was the hormone that changed brains structure
l- weakens explanation

Question 11

limitation , social explanation

Answer 11

p- doesn’t explain all cases of gd social explaination
e- not all ppl w gd report having childhood trauma / unusual family
e- social factors = not fully account for gd
l- a biosocial model , combines both , better explanation

Question 12

strength , twins studies

Answer 12

p- support for bio
e- diamond found higher concordance rate of gd in identical twins than fraternal
e- suggests genetic link , as they share 100% dna
l- findings show that genetic play big role

Question 13

strength , rm

Answer 13

bio studies , use objective measures e.g brain scans , which are scienftic + reliable
e,g Zhou , post mortem to study bstc

increases validity