Gender Essay Flashcards
(10 cards)
P1- Department of Education
One area of life where there is evidence of gender inequal is in education, where boys consistently underperform compared to girls. Department of Ed (2024) reported that the gender gap was 10%; 63% of girls and 53% of boys achieving 5 or more A-C GCSE grades, highlighting that girls are more likely to succeed academically. Similarly, girls were 5% more likely to achieve an A grade at GCSE and 4% more likely than boys to achieve 3 A*-C grades at A-level.
P2- OECD and Carolyn Jackson
Research from the OECD found that when teachers were unaware of the students gender, the attainment gap reduced by a third, suggesting that boys may be neg labelled due to gender stereotypes. This highlights that gender stereotypes show gender inequality in education where boys may be neg labelled due to gender biases. Supported by Carolyn Jackson, who argued that ‘heg masc’ contributes to the underachievement of males in education through negatively labelled, t/f highlighting inequality due to labelling.
P3- Sue Sharp
Longitudinal research showed how wider societal changes link to educational outcomes. In 1970s girls priorities were love and creating a fam, by 1990s had shifted to ed, employment and independence, offering an explanation for the rising academic success of females. This highlights gender inequality as a result of shifting women priorities.
P4- Uni Stats and Lack of male role models and Mitsos and Browne
Uni Stats show that girls are 35% more likely to apply for uni than boys, suggesting that boys may face barriers to higher education. Also a factor to consider in gender inequal in ed is the lack of male role models, with only 15% of primary and 35% of secondary school teachers being male, this leads to boys having the view that ed success is femenine. Mitsos and Browne suggests that this leads to disengagement and disruptive behaviour in boys in education, leading to negative labels.
P5- Conclusion
Overall, these trends show clear evidence of gender inequality, with boys disadvantaged due to labelling, a lack of male role models and societal expectations.
P6- Intro to crime, Home Office and Tim Newburn
A nother area of life where there is evidence of gender inequal is crime- Home office (2022) found that men are signif more likely to be setenced to prison and serve longer sentences than women. Tim Newburn supported this with research finding that women are treated more leniently at every stage in the CJS, suggesting that chivalry contributes to gender inequal by favouring women.
P7- Pollak, Youth Lifestyle Survey
Pollak argues that female criminality is under-rep in the official crime stats due to hidden female crime, with the male dom CJS tends to overlook women offences. Youth Lifestyle Survey supports this showing the gap between self-rep and oficially recorded female offences, highlighting clear gender inequal in crime as women get off lightly compared to men.
P8- Home Office and Sandra Walklate
Home Office also found gendered patterns in offending, with males more likely to commit dangerous crimes such as murder and assault, and women more likely to commit crimes such as theft and fraud. Sandra Walklate argues that these differences highlight social stereotypes, with male crimes being seen as dangerous, reinforcing gender inequality in perceptions of criminality.
P9- Male Dom CJs and Heidensohn
Also, males dominate the CJS workforce, making up 95% of it. Heidensohns diff control theory explain how women are tightly controlled in public, private and domestic spaces, limiting their involvement with crime but also reflecting broader gender stereotypes. Shows gender inequal as it highlights societal control over womens behaviour and male dom in CJS reinforces unequal power dynamics.
P10- Cicourel
Finally, Cicourels concept of typifications shows that the CJS stereotypes men as criminal, leading to increased targeting and reinforcing gender inequal in policing and sentencing. Showing gender inequal as men are stigmatised by the CJS.
