General anatomy

Question 1

What are the functional divisions of the cerebellum?

Answer 1

Vestibulocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Pontocerebellum

Question 2

What does the vetibulocerebellum do?

Answer 2

Balance, spatial orientation and muscular tone

Question 3

What does the Spinocerebellum do?

Answer 3

Sensing proprioceptive input

Adapting the body to changing circumstances

Question 4

What does the Pontocerebellum do?

Answer 4

Regulate small limb movements, inhibits involuntary movements

Question 5

What is dura matter?

Answer 5

Stong, thick dense membrane

supports and surrounds dura sinuses

Question 6

What is arachnoid matter?

Answer 6

Middle layer

Surrounds spinal cord and brain

Question 7

What is pia matter?

Answer 7

Innermost layer

Thin fibrous tissue, covering outside by flat cells

Question 8

What is extradural space?

Answer 8

Potential space inside the cranial vault

Only noticable if underlying pathology

Question 9

What is subdural space?

Answer 9

Space that can opened by separation of arachnoid mater from dura matter
Result from trauma
Pathologic absence of CSF

Question 10

Sulcus

Answer 10

Grooves in cortex

TWO S’s

Question 11

Fissure

Answer 11

Large furrow that divides the brain lobes

Question 12

Gyrus

Answer 12

Ridge of cerebral cortex

Question 13

Insula

Answer 13

Small region of cerebral cortex located deep within lateral sulcus

Question 14

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 14

Deep groove that separates the left and right hemisphere

Question 15

Lateral fissure

Answer 15

Divide both the frontal and parietal lobe from temporal lobe

Question 16

Corpus collosum

Answer 16

Nerve fibre bundle between left and right hemispheres- beneath cerebral cortex

Question 17

Folia of cerebellum

Answer 17

Little folds or gyri- sectioned either parallel to their long axis or transverse

Question 18

Vermis of cerebellum

Answer 18

Located medial, corticonucelar zone

Question 19

Lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 19

Anterior- Closer to the cerebrum, smaller lobe
Posterior- More posterior
Flocculomondular- comes off posterior towards the brainstem

Question 20

Production and reabsorption of CSF

Answer 20

Produced in choroid plexus, located in lining of ventricles
Capillaries and connective tissue surround
Plasma filtered out by blood by epithelial cells to produce CSF

Question 21

Functions of the CSF

Answer 21

1. protection- act as cushion
2. Buyoncy- immersed in CSF the net weight of brain is reduced approx 25 grams
3. Chemical stability- CSF creates an environment to allow it

Question 22

What are the 3 different ventricles

Answer 22

lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

Question 23

Drainage of CSF

Answer 23

Subarachnoid cisteras

Question 24

What are the 2 protrusions of the 3rd ventricle

Answer 24

Supra-optic recess- optic chiasm

Infundibular recess- optic stalk

Question 25

How does 4th ventricle receive CSF?

Answer 25

Cerebral aquaduct

Question 26

4th ventricle drains to:

Answer 26

1. cerebral spinal cord | 2. subarachnoid cisteras

Question 27

2 classifications of hydrocephalus

Answer 27

1. Communicating (non abstructive)- functional impairment of arachnoid granulations- following haemorrhage 2. Non-communicating (obstructive)- Flow obstructed within the ventricle Blockage in the cerebral aquaduct

Question 28

Bones of neurocranium

Answer 28

1. Occipital 2. temporal 3. frontal 4. parietal 5. sphenoid 6. ethmoid *8 all together- temporal and parietal each have 2

Question 29

Bones of viscercranium

Answer 29

1. mandibular 2. zygotmatic 3. maxilla 4. nasal 5. lacriminal 6. palatine 7. inferior nasal concha 8. vomer

Question 30

Main sutures

Answer 30

Coronal- fuses frontal bone with 2 parietal bones Sagittal- fuses parietal bones with each other Lambdoid- fuses the occipital bone with 2 parietal bones

Question 31

2 main fontanelles

Answer 31

``` Frontal= between coronal and sagittal occipital= between sagittal and lambdoid ```

Question 32

Laterality

Answer 32

Ipsilateral- same side | Contralateral- Opposite side

Question 33

Male and female skull comparison

Answer 33

Male - Cranial mass more bulky - Zygomatic bone more prominent - mandible more squared - deeper cranial mass - Supercillary arch is males is large and pronounced - External occipital protuberance larger Female - Suproorbital margin is sharper - More pointed chin

Question 34

What are the 4 pairs of parasinal air sinuses

Answer 34

1. maxillary- cheeks 2. ethmoid- nose 3. sphenoid- by ears 4. frontal- forehead

Question 35

What is the most delicate part of the skull?

Answer 35

Pterion- where frontal bone , sphenoid greater wing, temporal and perietal articulate