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General Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural transformation seen in

A

Streptococcus
Bacillus
Hemophilus
Pseudomonas

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2
Q

Types of plasmids based on function

A 
Fertility
Resistance
Col (bacteriocins)
Virulence
Metabolic
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3
Q

Bacteria sitting bidirectional replication

A

E coli

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4
Q

In prokaryotes start codon AUG codes for

A

N formyl methionine

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5
Q

Bacteria with diploid chromosome

A

Vibrio cholerae

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6
Q

Bacteria expressing competence factors

A

S. Pneumoniae

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7
Q

Bacteria not expressing competence factors

A

Hemophilus influenzae

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8
Q

Phage coded toxins

A

Bacterial toxins coded by lysogenic phages

Diphtheria toxin
Cholera toxin
Botulinum toxin

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9
Q

Types of transposons

A

Insertion sequence transposons

Composite transposons

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10
Q

Composition of blood agar

A

5-10 percent sheep blood + nutrient agar

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11
Q

Blood agar tests

A

Partial/Alpha hemolysis - green
Complete/beta hemolysis - clear, light transparent
No hemolysis - unchanged

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12
Q

Chocolate agar

A

Heated blood agar
More nutritious
RBC contents change medium to brown

Ex: hemophilus influenzae

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13
Q

Loeffler serum slope

A

For isolation of

Cornybacterium diphtherae

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14
Q

McConkey Agar

A

Isolation of enteric gram -ve bacteria

Lactose fermenters - pink - E coli
Non lactose fermenters - colour less - shigella

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15
Q

Etiological agents of Infective endocarditis

A

S. Aureus
Viridans streptococci
HACEK

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16
Q

Early prosthetic valve IE caused by

A

(<12 mo)
Coagulase negative streptococci
Ex: S. epidermis

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17
Q

Late prosthetic valve IE caused by

A

(>12 mo)

Viridans streptococci

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18
Q

Culture negative endocarditis caused by

A

HACEK
Bartonella sp.
Brunella sp.

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19
Q

Name of criteria used for diagnosis of IE

A

Duke’s criteria

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20
Q

Non blood culture tests for IE

A
  1. Serology - for Brucella, Bartonella
  2. Isolation of pathogens
  3. Special stains (PAS stain)
  4. Direct fluorescence Ab technique
  5. PCR
  6. Echo
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21
Q

S. Aureus microscopic IE

A
  1. Gram +ve cocci in clusters
  2. Golden yellow hemolytic colonies in blood agar
  3. Coagulase positive
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22
Q

Viridans streptococci microscopy IE

A
  1. Gram +ve long chains
  2. Mild Alpha hemolytic green colonies in blood agar
  3. Resistant to optochin
  4. Bile insoluble
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23
Q

HACEK organisms

A 
Hemophilus influenzae
Aggregatibacter sp.
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae

Highly fastidious, gram -ve, commensals in oral cavity

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24
Q

Main c/f of enteric fever (2)

A

Stepladder fever

Maculopapular rash

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25
In enteric fever, blood sample is collected in
BHI medium
26
In enteric fever, enrichment broth used in stool examination is
Tetrathionate broth | Selenite F broth
27
In enteric fever, selective media used for stool sample are
DCA XLD agar Wilson Blair bismuth sulfite medium
28
DCA culture in enteric fever
Non lactose fermenting | Pale colonies with black centre
29
XLD culture in enteric fever
Red colonies with black centre
30
Wilson Blair bismuth sulfite medium culture in enteric fever
Jet Black colonies with metallic sheen due to H2S production
31
Gram strain for S. Typhi
Gram -ve Non sporing Non capsulated Motile
32
Biochemical identification of typhoid
Catalase +ve Others -ve TSI - K/A. Gas present except S. Typhi H2S present expect s. Paratyphi A
33
Slide agglutination test for typhoid
S typhi - agg. With O9 antisera Paratyphi A - O2 Paratyphi B - O4
34
O agglutination in Widal test appearance
Compact, granular, chalky clumps. | Clear supernatent fluid
35
H agglutination in Widal test appearance
Large, loose, fluffy | Clear supernatent fluid
36
Significant titres in Widal test
H>200 | O>100
37
Widal test false +ve
1. Transient rise in titre due to other infections 2. Inapperent infection 3. Recent immunization
38
False -ve Widal test
Early/late stage Carriers Pts. On antibiotics Prozone phenomenon
39
Treatment of enteric fever
3rd generation cephalosporins - Ceftriaxone Azithromycin Ciprofloxacin Carriers - amplicilin, amoxicillin
40
Drug resistance in enteric fever
MDR - Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin Fluroquinolone resistance - Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone
41
Viral bloodstream infections
HIV EBV Dengue Chikungunya
42
Most common fungal bloodstream infections
Candida albicans Candida tropicalis Candida auris
43
Parasitic BSI directly infecting blood cells
Plasmodium | Babesia
44
Parasitic BSI in bloodstream before migrating to other organs
Leishmania | Toxoplasma
45
Parasitic BSI that come from lymphatics to bloodstream transiently
Filariasis
46
Anticoagulant used for conventional culture media for bacteria (blood sample)
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate - also counteracts bactericidal action of blood
47
Families of rickettsiales order
Rickettsiaceae | Anaplasmataceae
48
Properties of rickettsiae Or Why are rickettsiae considered bacteria and not viruses
``` Gram -ve cell wall Both DNA and RNA multiply by binary fission Susceptible to antibacterials Held back by bacterial filters ```
49
Components of rickettsial cell wall
Peptidoglycans OMPs LPS
50
OMPs of rickettsiae
Species specific Highly immunogenic Used for vaccination and diagnosis
51
Organism, vector and mode of transmission of epidemic typhus
R. Prowasekii Human body louse Scratching contaminated skin
52
Organism, vector and mode of transmission of endemic typhus
R. Typhi Rat flea Scratching of contaminated skin
53
Organism, vector and mode of transmission of Rocky mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia rickettsi Ticks Bite of infected tick
54
Organism, vector and mode of transmission of Indian tick typhus
R. Akari Tick Tick bite
55
Organism, vector and mode of transmission of rickettsial pox
R. Akari Mites Mite bite
56
Organism, vector of scrub typhus
Orientia tsutsugamushi | Infected mite
57
Organism, vector of Q fever
Coxiella Brunetti | Cattle
58
Titre for Weil Felix test
1:80 possible infection >OX19 - Epidemic and endemic >OX19 + OX2 - Spotted fever >OXK - Scrub typhus
59
Proteus strains used in Weil Felix tests
P. Vulgaris OX19, OX2 | P. Mirabilia OXK
60
Lab Dx of rickettsial infections
1. Serology: Weil-Felix test (non-specific), IFA, ELISA 2. Histological examination of cutaneous biopsy sample from rash 3. Isolation - inoculation into HeLa 4. PCR
61
Lab Dx of Scrub Typhus
1. Weil-Felix test - OXK Ag 2. IFA 3. ELISA 4. PCR
62
Acute Q fever symptoms
Hepatitis Interstitial pneumonia fever Pericarditis/Myocarditis
63
Chronic Q fever symptoms
Endocarditis
64
Lab Dx for Q fever
Coxiella burnetti small pleomorphic Gram -ve coccobacillus Highly fastidious (biosafety level 3 lab) IFA detects Abs against Ags on LPS
65
Bartonellosis causative organism
Bartonella henselae
66
Bartonella henselae causes
1. Cat scratch disease - regional lymphadenopathy, papules | 2. Bacillary angiomatosis - neovascular lesions on skin and organs
67
Lab Dx of bartonella
1. Warthin-Starry silver nitrate staining of lymph node smear 2. Grown in blood agar at 37C 3. IFA 4. PCR
68
Rx of bartonella
Cat scratch - Self-limiting, azithromycin | Angiomatosis - Doxycycline
69
Brucella sp. characteristics
Obligate aerobic fastidious, small, Gram -ve, coccobacillus Non motile
70
C/F of brucellosis
``` Fever Arthralgia HSM Undulating fever Osteomyelitis ```
71
Lab Dx of Brucellosis
Blood culture - Castadena's biphasic medium (BHI broth) Serological - SAT - IgM detection PCR

Microbiology (9 decks)

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