General terminology

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

Standing upright, head facing front, arms at side with palms forward

Question 2

Sagittal plane/Median plane (midsagittal)

Answer 2

separates left and right sides of the body

Question 3

Coronal plane/Frontal plane

Answer 3

Separates the body into forward half and the back half

Question 4

Transverse (horizontal)

Answer 4

perpendicular to both of these planes and the plane which divides the body into an upper and a lower half. Positions above the transverse plane are called superior, and positions below the transverse plane are called inferior

Question 5

Superior ________

Inferior__________

Answer 5

Cephalad

Caudad

Question 6

Rostral

Answer 6

Towards the nose

Question 7

Caudal

Answer 7

Towards the tail

Question 8

Adduction

Answer 8

Movement towards midline of the body (add towards the side of the body)

Question 9

Abduction

Answer 9

Movement of a joint away from midline of the body

Question 10

Extension

Answer 10

Increasing angle between two joints. Extending limb

Question 11

Flexion

Answer 11

bending decreasing angle. Fetal position

Question 12

Circumduction= circle

Answer 12

Angular (circular movement hip, shoulder, thumb, fingers, wrist, ankle, toes, head) body movement combining flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction)

Question 13

Rotation

Answer 13

1. Medial - internal; pronation

2. Lateral - external; supination

Question 14

Protraction (commonly two parts of the body scapula and mandible)

Answer 14

Shoulder blades away from spine (protruding or sticking out)

Punch to protract

Question 15

Retraction (movement of scapula/shoulders and mandible)

Answer 15

shoulders movement towards the back “Bring together”

When you reach back you retract

Question 16

Appendages of skin

Answer 16

hair and sweat glands

Question 17

Outer layer

Answer 17

Epidermis

Question 18

Middle layer

Answer 18

Dermis

Question 19

Fatty deep layer

Answer 19

Hypodermis

Question 20

Deep muscle layer

Answer 20

Fascia

Question 21

Number of individual muscles in the body

Answer 21

> 500

Question 22

Governs movement and may measure 40% of the body’s mass in normal healthy individuals. Connect to your bones and allow to perform wide range of movements and functions

Answer 22

Skeletal/striated muscle

Question 23

found in bronchioles and bronchi, and gastrointestinal tract. Innervated by the autonomic nervous system (parasympathetic and sympathetic).

Answer 23

Smooth muscle

Question 24

Unique muscle only found in the heart. The muscle fibers show cross striations similar to skeletal muscle, but fibers may join end on end to each other showing intercalated disks as well muscle branches joining other muscle fibers.

Answer 24

Cardiac muscles

Question 25

What are the three types of muscles

Answer 25

skeletal/striated , smooth, and cardiac muscles

Question 26

How many bones in the body

Answer 26

206

Question 27

Axial bones that forms the truck

Answer 27

Vertebral column, ribs, and sternum | 26 vertebrae, 24 ribs, and the sternum

Question 28

How many vertebral column

Answer 28

26

Question 29

How many ribs

Answer 29

24

Question 30

True ribs

Answer 30

Seven first pairs attached directly to the sternum (true ribs)

Question 31

False ribs

Answer 31

3 Pairs (8th, 9th, 10th) not join the sternum directly but connected to the 7th rib by cartilage (False ribs)

Question 32

Floating ribs

Answer 32

2 pairs (11th and 12th) Are half of the size of the others and do not reach to the front of the body (floating ribs)

Question 33

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 33

1. Pectoral girdle 2. Pelvic girdle 3. The Upper limbs or forearm 4. The lower limbs or hindlimb

Question 34

Pectoral girdle

Answer 34

Also known as shoulder girdle. Connects upper limbs to the axial skeleton and consists of clavicula and scapula

Question 35

Pelvic girdle

Answer 35

Point of attachment of the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. It comprises two coxal bones or hip bones

Question 36

Upper limbs of forearm or antebrachium

Answer 36

Total of 60 bones (30 on each side). Each limb humerus, radius, ulna, carpals =8 or wrist bones, metacarpals=5 or palm bones and phalanges or digits =14

Question 37

The Lower limbs or hind arm

Answer 37

Total 60 bones (30 each side). Each side consist of femur longest bone , tibia second larger and stronger bone, fibula is lateral , patella, tarsals=7, metatarsals=5, and phalanges=14.

Question 38

Fat

Answer 38

Much of the body’s fat is superficial and thus subcutaneous

Question 39

Tela Subcutanea

Answer 39

A loose fibrous/fatty envelope beneath the skin, containing the cutaneous vessels and nerves forms part of the Tela subcutanea. Also called hypodermis, subcutis, superficial fascia that combines with deep fascia to form the Tela subcutanea

Question 40

Paniculus adiposus

Answer 40

prominent, well-developed fatty layer of the subcutaneous tissues (superficial fascia). Deep fascia surrounds muscles and may act as connective tissue muscle “separators.” Note the medial intermuscular septum of the arm, which helps to divide the extensor compartment of the arm from the posterior compartment. It also serves as a “pathway” for conducting the brachial artery and veins and 2 nerves down the arm to the forearm.