The larynx

Question 1

Name the 3 unpair cartilage of the larynx

Answer 1

Epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid

Question 2

Name the largest cartilage and has a laryngeal prominence (hyaline cartilage)

Answer 2

Thyroid cartilage

Question 3

Name the structures of thyroid cartilage

Answer 3

Lamina, superior and inferior horns, oblique line, superior thyroid notch, laryngeal prominence “AKA Adam’s apple”

Question 4

Lies below the thyroid cartilage and shaped like a signet ring, with the expansion turned posteriorly (hyaline cartilage).

Answer 4

Cricoid

Question 5

Name the structures of cricoid cartilage

Answer 5

crus right and left, cricoid arch, and lamina

Question 6

Resembles a ring structure

Answer 6

Cricoid cartilage

Question 7

smooth “bump” that creates an articulating surface

Answer 7

Facet

Question 8

Name the Cricoid facets forming the joints

Answer 8

Cricoarytenoid Joint
Cricothyroid Joint
Both function like “Pivot Joints” Allow rotation to occur

Question 9

leaf-shaped, lies behind and below the tongue, composed of fibroelastic cartilage, and when swallowing, descends to cover the entranceway into the larynx (superior laryngeal inlet)

Answer 9

Epiglottis

Question 10

Name the attachments of the epiglottis

Answer 10

Aryepiglottic  fold
Median glossoepiglottic
lateral glossoepiglottic folds
valleculate
hyoepiglottic ligament
thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 11

Folds-Complete formation of the Sup. Laryngeal Inlet. Attach the epiglottis to the 2 Arytenoid cartilages

Answer 11

Aryepiglottic folds

Question 12

Attaches the epiglottis to the root of the tongue and produces the valleculae (depressions on the epiglottis). Also note the two lateral glossoepiglottic folds, located on either side lateral to the valleculae.

Answer 12

Median glossoepiglottic fold

Question 13

Attaches the epiglottis to the side of the pharynx.

Answer 13

Lateral epiglottic folds

Question 14

Attaches epiglottis to the hyoid bone. When swallowing occurs, the hyoid is elevated, creating a “fulcrum” effect around the hyoepiglottic attachment, which in turn causes the epiglottis to descend and cover the glottis (larynx also rises toward epiglottis).

Answer 14

Hyoepiglottic ligament

Question 15

Attaches the epiglottis to the posterior thyroid cartilage and creates a “hinge” around with the epiglottis can rise and descend posteriorly to cover (and uncover) the superior laryngeal inlet.

Answer 15

Thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 16

Name the pair cartilage of the pharynx

Answer 16

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

Question 17

When you swallow the __________muscles contract, the ________rises and ________descend

Answer 17

suprahyoid
Hyoid
epiglottis

Question 18

When you complete swallowing ______ muscles contract ______descends and ________rises

Answer 18

infrahyoid
Hyoid
epiglottis

Question 19

Situated at the back of the larynx and shaped somewhat like a pyramid, contains the vocal process, muscular process, and apex

Answer 19

Arytenoid

Question 20

Articulate with the apices of the arytenoids and serve to elongate the arytenoid cartilages and facilitate attachment for the aryepiglottic folds.

Answer 20

Corniculates

Question 21

Found within the aryepiglottic folds for increased tensile strength.

Answer 21

Cuneiforms

Question 22

The interior of the larynx extends from the_______ _______ to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 22

superior inlet

Question 23

Vestibular (false) folds - these are in the upper portion of the larynx and are immobile. The opening between these folds is called

Answer 23

Rima vestibuli

Question 24

The upper region of the larynx above the ________ fold is called the vestibule, the portion between the vestibular and vocal folds is called the ______ larynx, and the portion below the vocal folds is called the _______ larynx

Answer 24

vestibular
middle
lower

Question 25

Vocal (true) folds are below the vestibular folds and are mobile and contain ______/_______ The opening between these folds is called the ______/______. There is a recess, or sinus, found between the vocal and vestibular folds. The true vocal folds and rima glottidis form what is commonly called the ______.

Answer 25

vocal/ligaments Rima glottidis Glottis

Question 26

The upper region of the larynx above the vestibular fold is called the _________, the portion between the vestibular and vocal folds is called the ________/_______, and the portion below the vocal folds is called the ________/______.

Answer 26

Vestibule middle larynx lower larynx

Question 27

How many Intrinsic muscles the Larynx has

Answer 27

9

Question 28

Name the muscle of the Laryngeal inlet control (there are three)

Answer 28

Oblique arytenoid - narrow superior laryngeal inlet Aryepiglotticus muscle located at the top part of the Oblique arytenoid muscle "AKA part of oblique arytenoid muscle) - narrow the superior laryngeal inlet. Thyroepiglottic muscle - widens and stabilizes the superior laryngeal inlet (controls diameter of inlet)

Question 29

Name the muscles controlling tension on the vocal cords

Answer 29

Cricothyroid | Thyroarytenoid

Question 30

Tenses the Vocal Ligaments (Cords) high pith

Answer 30

Cricothyroid

Question 31

Relaxes the Vocal Cords (Vocal Ligaments) by causing the thyroid cartilage to pivot posteriorly at the cricothyroid joint produces low pith

Answer 31

Thyroarytenoid

Question 32

Represents the medial portion of the thyroarytenoid. Attachment of the thyroarytenoid to the vocal ligaments.

Answer 32

Vocalis

Question 33

Name the muscles Muscles that control the size of the glottis attach to the muscular Process of the Arytenoid Cartilage

Answer 33

Posterior Cricoarytenoid | Lateral Cricoarytenoid

Question 34

Adducts the Vocal Ligaments (close the airway)

Answer 34

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 35

Abducts the Vocal Ligaments (open the airway)

Answer 35

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Question 36

Name the joint where Abduction/Adduction of the Vocal Ligaments Movements occur

Answer 36

Cricoarytenoid Joint

Question 37

Adducts Vocal Folds (posterior portions) by closing posterior portion of the glottis

Answer 37

Transverse arytenoid

Question 38

Name the motor and General Sensation to the Larynx

Answer 38

via two branches of the Vagus Nerve CN X 1. Superior Laryngeal Nerve divided into two branches: Internal Laryngeal Branch (Nerve) and external laryngeal branch (Nerve)- 2. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 39

General Sensation-Upper and Middle Larynx

Answer 39

Internal Laryngeal Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Question 40

General Sensation to the Lower Larynx

Answer 40

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

Question 41

Motor Innervation-All Laryngeal Intrinsic Muscles Except Cricothyroid

Answer 41

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 42

Motor Innervation-Cricothyroid

Answer 42

External Laryngeal branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Question 43

Trachea-General Characteristics (Adult)

Answer 43

4” in length 1” in diameter ~20 C-Shaped Cartilaginous rings

Question 44

Trachea begins at ________and ends at tracheal bifurcation

Answer 44

C6