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AFN Anatomy > The larynx > Flashcards

The larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 unpair cartilage of the larynx

A

Epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid

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2
Q

Name the largest cartilage and has a laryngeal prominence (hyaline cartilage)

A

Thyroid cartilage

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3
Q

Name the structures of thyroid cartilage

A

Lamina, superior and inferior horns, oblique line, superior thyroid notch, laryngeal prominence “AKA Adam’s apple”

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4
Q

Lies below the thyroid cartilage and shaped like a signet ring, with the expansion turned posteriorly (hyaline cartilage).

A

Cricoid

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5
Q

Name the structures of cricoid cartilage

A

crus right and left, cricoid arch, and lamina

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6
Q

Resembles a ring structure

A

Cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

smooth “bump” that creates an articulating surface

A

Facet

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8
Q

Name the Cricoid facets forming the joints

A

Cricoarytenoid Joint
Cricothyroid Joint
Both function like “Pivot Joints” Allow rotation to occur

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9
Q

leaf-shaped, lies behind and below the tongue, composed of fibroelastic cartilage, and when swallowing, descends to cover the entranceway into the larynx (superior laryngeal inlet)

A

Epiglottis

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10
Q

Name the attachments of the epiglottis

A 
Aryepiglottic  fold
Median glossoepiglottic
lateral glossoepiglottic folds
valleculate
hyoepiglottic ligament
thyroepiglottic ligament
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11
Q

Folds-Complete formation of the Sup. Laryngeal Inlet. Attach the epiglottis to the 2 Arytenoid cartilages

A

Aryepiglottic folds

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12
Q

Attaches the epiglottis to the root of the tongue and produces the valleculae (depressions on the epiglottis). Also note the two lateral glossoepiglottic folds, located on either side lateral to the valleculae.

A

Median glossoepiglottic fold

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13
Q

Attaches the epiglottis to the side of the pharynx.

A

Lateral epiglottic folds

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14
Q

Attaches epiglottis to the hyoid bone. When swallowing occurs, the hyoid is elevated, creating a “fulcrum” effect around the hyoepiglottic attachment, which in turn causes the epiglottis to descend and cover the glottis (larynx also rises toward epiglottis).

A

Hyoepiglottic ligament

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15
Q

Attaches the epiglottis to the posterior thyroid cartilage and creates a “hinge” around with the epiglottis can rise and descend posteriorly to cover (and uncover) the superior laryngeal inlet.

A

Thyroepiglottic ligament

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16
Q

Name the pair cartilage of the pharynx

A

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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17
Q

When you swallow the __________muscles contract, the ________rises and ________descend

A

suprahyoid
Hyoid
epiglottis

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18
Q

When you complete swallowing ______ muscles contract ______descends and ________rises

A

infrahyoid
Hyoid
epiglottis

19
Q

Situated at the back of the larynx and shaped somewhat like a pyramid, contains the vocal process, muscular process, and apex

A

Arytenoid

20
Q

Articulate with the apices of the arytenoids and serve to elongate the arytenoid cartilages and facilitate attachment for the aryepiglottic folds.

A

Corniculates

21
Q

Found within the aryepiglottic folds for increased tensile strength.

A

Cuneiforms

22
Q

The interior of the larynx extends from the_______ _______ to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

A

superior inlet

23
Q

Vestibular (false) folds - these are in the upper portion of the larynx and are immobile. The opening between these folds is called

A

Rima vestibuli

24
Q

The upper region of the larynx above the ________ fold is called the vestibule, the portion between the vestibular and vocal folds is called the ______ larynx, and the portion below the vocal folds is called the _______ larynx

A

vestibular
middle
lower

25
Q

Vocal (true) folds are below the vestibular folds and are mobile and contain ______/_______ The opening between these folds is called the ______/______. There is a recess, or sinus, found between the vocal and vestibular folds. The true vocal folds and rima glottidis form what is commonly called the ______.

A

vocal/ligaments
Rima glottidis
Glottis

26
Q

The upper region of the larynx above the vestibular fold is called the _________, the portion between the vestibular and vocal folds is called the ________/_______, and the portion below the vocal folds is called the ________/______.

A

Vestibule
middle larynx
lower larynx

27
Q

How many Intrinsic muscles the Larynx has

A

9

28
Q

Name the muscle of the Laryngeal inlet control (there are three)

A

Oblique arytenoid - narrow superior laryngeal inlet

Aryepiglotticus muscle located at the top part of the Oblique arytenoid muscle “AKA part of oblique arytenoid muscle) - narrow the superior laryngeal inlet.

Thyroepiglottic muscle - widens and stabilizes the superior laryngeal inlet (controls diameter of inlet)

29
Q

Name the muscles controlling tension on the vocal cords

A

Cricothyroid

Thyroarytenoid

30
Q

Tenses the Vocal Ligaments (Cords) high pith

A

Cricothyroid

31
Q

Relaxes the Vocal Cords (Vocal Ligaments) by causing the thyroid cartilage to pivot posteriorly at the cricothyroid joint produces low pith

A

Thyroarytenoid

32
Q

Represents the medial portion of the thyroarytenoid. Attachment of the thyroarytenoid to the vocal ligaments.

A

Vocalis

33
Q

Name the muscles Muscles that control the size of the glottis
attach to the muscular Process of the Arytenoid Cartilage

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

34
Q

Adducts the Vocal Ligaments (close the airway)

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid

35
Q

Abducts the Vocal Ligaments (open the airway)

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

36
Q

Name the joint where Abduction/Adduction of the Vocal Ligaments Movements occur

A

Cricoarytenoid Joint

37
Q

Adducts Vocal Folds (posterior portions) by closing posterior portion of the glottis

A

Transverse arytenoid

38
Q

Name the motor and General Sensation to the Larynx

A

via two branches of the Vagus Nerve CN X

  1. Superior Laryngeal Nerve divided into two branches: Internal Laryngeal Branch (Nerve) and external laryngeal branch (Nerve)-
  2. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
39
Q

General Sensation-Upper and Middle Larynx

A

Internal Laryngeal Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

40
Q

General Sensation to the Lower Larynx

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

41
Q

Motor Innervation-All Laryngeal Intrinsic Muscles Except Cricothyroid

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

42
Q

Motor Innervation-Cricothyroid

A

External Laryngeal branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

43
Q

Trachea-General Characteristics (Adult)

A

4” in length
1” in diameter
~20 C-Shaped Cartilaginous rings

44
Q

Trachea begins at ________and ends at tracheal bifurcation

A

C6

AFN Anatomy (5 decks)

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