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AFN Anatomy > Upper respiratory system part 2 > Flashcards

Upper respiratory system part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the anatomy surface of he mouth

A 
Philtrum
Labial Frenulum (Superior and Inferior)
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2
Q

Philtrum

A

Depression (valley) between the 2 ridges created by the Depressor Septi

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3
Q

Name the structures of external mouth

A

Lips-Skin transitions to Mucosa
2 Angles of the Mouth, or Labial Commissures
Labial Tubercle

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4
Q

The mouth begins at the _______ and ends at the _________folds

A

Lips

Palatoglossal

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5
Q

Name the oral cavity-portion of the mouth

A

Interior to teeth & gums

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6
Q

Name the Buccal Cavity-portion of the mouth

A

Exterior to teeth & gums

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7
Q

The mouth consists of two spaces

A

Oral cavity - space medial to and between the teeth and contains the tongue

Buccal cavity - space between the cheek, teeth, and gums. A muscle, the buccinator, makes up the lateral wall of the buccal cavity

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8
Q

Muscle that form the cheeks

A

Buccinator Muscle

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9
Q

Cranial nerve that innervates the buccal cavity lateral wall (buccinator muscle)

A

CN VII facial nerve

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10
Q

The mouth has the _____ and _____ palates for its roof , the ________ as its floor, and subfloor _______muscle

A

Hard
Soft
tongue
Genioglossus muscle

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11
Q

Name the two muscles attached to the pterygomandibular raphe

A

Buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor

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12
Q

Buccinator origin

A

pterygomandibular raphe

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13
Q

Underneath the tongue, a ________ fold may be observed on either side of the lingual ______which covers the sublingual glands. The mucous membrane of the tongue contains numerous mucous ______
__________.

A

sublingual
Frenulum
secretin glands

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14
Q

What structure forms the sublingual folds

A

Sublingual glands

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15
Q

Small child - usually ____ deciduous teeth (4 incisors, 2 canines, and 4 molars in each jaw)

Adult with all teeth intact ______ permanent teeth (____ incisors, _____ canines, ___ premolars, and ____molars in each jaw)

A

20

32 (4 incisors/ 2 canines/ 4 premolars/ 6molars

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16
Q

Name the structures of the tongue

A 
Body (Blade)
Median Furrow
Root or Base (Note: Lingual Tonsils)
Foramen Cecum
Sulcus Terminalis
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17
Q

Covered by mucosa with mucus secreting glands

A

The muscle of the tongue

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18
Q

The tongue consists of skeletal muscles that are divided into _______ groups and ________ groups.

A

extrinsic

intrinsic

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19
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are called

A

Longitudinal, transverse, and vertical. Change the shape of the tongue (protrusion, retraction, depression, elevation)

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20
Q

Muscle of the tongue that moves the tongue “Directionally” extrinsic muscle

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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21
Q

Which direction Extrinsic muscles of the tongue move

A

Towards the origin of insertion (AKA genioglossus originate on the mandible when this muscle contract = sticking tongue out

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22
Q

Name the origin and movement of hyoglossus muscle

A

Origin hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue. Contraction depresses the posterior portion of the tongue

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23
Q

Name the artery supplying the blood of the tongue

A

Lingual Artery (br. of the external carotid artery)

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24
Q

Motor innervation of the tongue

A

Hypoglossal N. (CN XII)

Exception: Palatoglossus-Vagus N. (CN X)

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25
Q

Name the nerve responsible for general sensation to the tongue anterior 2/3

A

CN V (Trigeminal Nerve)

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26
Q

Name the nerve responsible for taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

CN VII (Facial Nerve)

27
Q

Name the nerve responsible for taste & Gen. Sensation to Posterior 1/3- of the tongue

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)

28
Q

The hard Palate consist of ________ _________Processes of the Maxillary Bone
________ __________ Plates of the Palatine Bone

A

2 palatine

2 horizontal

29
Q

Nasopalatine Nerve passes through the ______ Fossa

A

Incisive

30
Q

_________ _________________ Nerve meets the Nasopalatine Nerve as it passes through the Incisive Fossa

A

Greater palatine

31
Q

What happens when the hard palate does not close along the midline?

A

A cleft palate is an opening or split in the roof of the mouth that occurs when the tissue doesn’t fuse together during development in the womb. A cleft palate often includes a split (cleft) in the upper lip (cleft lip) but can occur without affecting the lip.

32
Q

The soft Palate skeletal muscles covered by ______

A

mucosa

33
Q

Name the five muscles of soft palate

A 
Levator Veli Palatini
Tensor Veli Palatini
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus Uvuli
Palatoglossus
34
Q

The levator veli palatini ____________ and the tensor veli palatini ________ the soft palate. Both actions are vital in helping an individual achieve efficient swallowing

A

elevates/tenses

35
Q

Name the three anatomical landmarks associated with it soft palate

A
  1. Palatoglossal fold - runs from soft palate to tongue
  2. Palatopharyngeal fold - runs from soft palate to pharynx
  3. Uvula - hangs down in the oropharyngeal orifice from the soft palate. The muscle composing this structure is called the musculus uvulae.
36
Q

Name the soft palate muscles innervation

A 
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Exception: Tensor Veli Palatini- Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
37
Q

Name the nerve branches of trigeminal nerve V for general sensation of soft palate

A

Trigeminal Nerve Branches-Greater Palatine Nerve: General Sensation to the Hard Palate

Lesser Palatine Nerve-General Sensation to the Soft Palate

38
Q

Name the arteries that supply the hard and soft palate

A

Greater Palatine Artery-supplies the Hard Palate (Greater Palatine Foramen)

Lesser Palatine Artery-supplies the Soft Palate (Lesser Palatine Foramen)

39
Q

Name the three pairs of salivary glands

A

Parotid Glands
Submandibular Glands
Sublingual Glands

40
Q

Name pathway of the parotid duct

A

Crosses the Masseter, Pierces the Buccinator, Drains into the Buccal Cavity by the upper 2nd Molar Tooth

41
Q

__________ ____________ drains into the mouth via the submandibular duct at the sublingual carnuncle. The submandibular gland lies beneath the mylohyoid muscle, but has a posterior portion that folds up and around the free portion of the mylohyoid.

A

The submandibular gland

42
Q

The submandibular gland drains into the mouth via the submandibular duct at the sublingual ________

A

Carnucle

43
Q

The ________ gland lies beneath the _______ muscle, but has a posterior portion that folds up and around the free portion of the mylohyoid

A

submandibular

Mylohyoid

44
Q

Name the termination of submandibular duct

A

Lingual Frenulum “Note: Sublingual Caruncle:

45
Q

Name the Pharyngeal Constrictors muscles

A

1=Superior
2=Middle
3=Inferior

46
Q

Name the insertion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

Insertion-Midline Raphe’ (circular muscles that meet at the midline Raphe’)

47
Q

which pharyngeal constrictor muscles is the biggest? smallest?

A

inferior biggest

middle smaller

48
Q

Name the pharyngeal regions

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

49
Q

location of nasopharynx

A

behind the nasal cavities and above the soft palate. Note the pharyngeal tonsils, opening of the auditory tube (eustachian tube), and tubal elevation also called torus tubaris

50
Q

this structure is 35 mm in length (adults), runs downward and antero-medial, Lateral 1/3-Bone, Medial 2/3-Cartilage, connects the Middle Ear with the Nasopharynx

A

Auditory (eustachian tube)

51
Q

locate the pharyngeal Tonsil, when swollen are called Adenoid

A

Nasopharynx

52
Q

Name the location of palatine tonsils

A

between palatopharyngeal fold and palatoglossal folds

53
Q

where does the oropharynx begin?

A

at the Uvula

54
Q

Name the function of the uvula

A

part of soft palate helps prevents food and liquid from going in nasopharynx . when the levator veli palatini muscle contracts the uvula rise up

55
Q

behind the larynx and connects the esophagus below (be aware of the piriform recess)

A

Laryngopharynx

56
Q

Common site for lodgment of foreign objects (pill stuck in your throat )

A

Piriform recess

57
Q

Name the muscles of the pharynx

A

Primary muscles composing the pharynx are the three pharyngeal constrictors - superior, middle, inferior, with the lower portion of the inferior constrictor being referred to as the cricopharyngeal.
Know that the stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeal are also considered when addressing pharyngeal function

58
Q

Name the nerve innervation of stylopharyngeus muscles

A

glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX, posterior 1/3 intervention of the tongue

59
Q

Pharyngeal Muscles are innervated by Cranial Nerve X (Vagus).
Exception: Stylopharyngeus is innervated by Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal

A

cranial nerve X Vagus

Cranial nerve IX glossopharyngeal

60
Q

Sensory Innervation to the Pharyngeal Mucosa
Nasopharynx_____
Oropharynx: _________
Laryngopharynx: ____________

A

CN V trigeminal
CN IX glossopharyngeal
CN X vagus

61
Q

During the act of swallowing, the pharynx is ___________ initially; then the _________ push the bolus down the pharynx into the esophagus

A

Elevated

Constrictors

62
Q

Name the tonsillar tissue of Waldeyer’s ring surrounding the entrance to the oropharynx. These are as follows

A

Lingual tonsils – anterior
Palatine and tubal tonsils - lateral
Pharyngeal tonsil-posterior

63
Q

structure located behind the pharynx and anterior to esophagus

A

Retropharyngeal space

AFN Anatomy (5 decks)

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