Upper respiratory system part 2 Flashcards by Nubia Konopnicki

Name the anatomy surface of he mouth

Philtrum
Labial Frenulum (Superior and Inferior)

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Philtrum

Depression (valley) between the 2 ridges created by the Depressor Septi

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Name the structures of external mouth

Lips-Skin transitions to Mucosa
2 Angles of the Mouth, or Labial Commissures
Labial Tubercle

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The mouth begins at the _______ and ends at the _________folds

Lips

Palatoglossal

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Name the oral cavity-portion of the mouth

Interior to teeth & gums

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Name the Buccal Cavity-portion of the mouth

Exterior to teeth & gums

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The mouth consists of two spaces

Oral cavity - space medial to and between the teeth and contains the tongue

Buccal cavity - space between the cheek, teeth, and gums. A muscle, the buccinator, makes up the lateral wall of the buccal cavity

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Muscle that form the cheeks

Buccinator Muscle

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Cranial nerve that innervates the buccal cavity lateral wall (buccinator muscle)

CN VII facial nerve

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The mouth has the _____ and _____ palates for its roof , the ________ as its floor, and subfloor _______muscle

Hard
Soft
tongue
Genioglossus muscle

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Name the two muscles attached to the pterygomandibular raphe

Buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor

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Buccinator origin

pterygomandibular raphe

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Underneath the tongue, a ________ fold may be observed on either side of the lingual ______which covers the sublingual glands. The mucous membrane of the tongue contains numerous mucous ______
__________.

sublingual
Frenulum
secretin glands

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What structure forms the sublingual folds

Sublingual glands

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Small child - usually ____ deciduous teeth (4 incisors, 2 canines, and 4 molars in each jaw)

Adult with all teeth intact ______ permanent teeth (____ incisors, _____ canines, ___ premolars, and ____molars in each jaw)

32 (4 incisors/ 2 canines/ 4 premolars/ 6molars

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Name the structures of the tongue

Body (Blade)
Median Furrow
Root or Base (Note: Lingual Tonsils)
Foramen Cecum
Sulcus Terminalis

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Covered by mucosa with mucus secreting glands

The muscle of the tongue

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The tongue consists of skeletal muscles that are divided into _______ groups and ________ groups.

extrinsic

intrinsic

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The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are called

Longitudinal, transverse, and vertical. Change the shape of the tongue (protrusion, retraction, depression, elevation)

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Muscle of the tongue that moves the tongue “Directionally” extrinsic muscle

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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Which direction Extrinsic muscles of the tongue move

Towards the origin of insertion (AKA genioglossus originate on the mandible when this muscle contract = sticking tongue out

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Name the origin and movement of hyoglossus muscle

Origin hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue. Contraction depresses the posterior portion of the tongue

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Name the artery supplying the blood of the tongue

Lingual Artery (br. of the external carotid artery)

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Motor innervation of the tongue

Hypoglossal N. (CN XII)

Exception: Palatoglossus-Vagus N. (CN X)

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Name the nerve responsible for general sensation to the tongue anterior 2/3

CN V (Trigeminal Nerve)

Name the nerve responsible for taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue

CN VII (Facial Nerve)

Name the nerve responsible for taste & Gen. Sensation to Posterior 1/3- of the tongue

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)

The hard Palate consist of ________ _________Processes of the Maxillary Bone ________ __________ Plates of the Palatine Bone

2 palatine | 2 horizontal

Nasopalatine Nerve passes through the ______ Fossa

Incisive

_________ _________________ Nerve meets the Nasopalatine Nerve as it passes through the Incisive Fossa

Greater palatine

What happens when the hard palate does not close along the midline?

A cleft palate is an opening or split in the roof of the mouth that occurs when the tissue doesn't fuse together during development in the womb. A cleft palate often includes a split (cleft) in the upper lip (cleft lip) but can occur without affecting the lip.

The soft Palate skeletal muscles covered by ______

mucosa

Name the five muscles of soft palate

``` Levator Veli Palatini Tensor Veli Palatini Palatopharyngeus Musculus Uvuli Palatoglossus ```

The levator veli palatini ____________ and the tensor veli palatini ________ the soft palate. Both actions are vital in helping an individual achieve efficient swallowing

elevates/tenses

Name the three anatomical landmarks associated with it soft palate

1. Palatoglossal fold - runs from soft palate to tongue 2. Palatopharyngeal fold - runs from soft palate to pharynx 3. Uvula - hangs down in the oropharyngeal orifice from the soft palate. The muscle composing this structure is called the musculus uvulae.

Name the soft palate muscles innervation

``` Vagus Nerve (CN X) Exception: Tensor Veli Palatini- Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) ```

Name the nerve branches of trigeminal nerve V for general sensation of soft palate

Trigeminal Nerve Branches-Greater Palatine Nerve: General Sensation to the Hard Palate Lesser Palatine Nerve-General Sensation to the Soft Palate

Name the arteries that supply the hard and soft palate

Greater Palatine Artery-supplies the Hard Palate (Greater Palatine Foramen) Lesser Palatine Artery-supplies the Soft Palate (Lesser Palatine Foramen)

Name the three pairs of salivary glands

Parotid Glands Submandibular Glands Sublingual Glands

Name pathway of the parotid duct

Crosses the Masseter, Pierces the Buccinator, Drains into the Buccal Cavity by the upper 2nd Molar Tooth

__________ ____________ drains into the mouth via the submandibular duct at the sublingual carnuncle. The submandibular gland lies beneath the mylohyoid muscle, but has a posterior portion that folds up and around the free portion of the mylohyoid.

The submandibular gland

The submandibular gland drains into the mouth via the submandibular duct at the sublingual ________

Carnucle

The ________ gland lies beneath the _______ muscle, but has a posterior portion that folds up and around the free portion of the mylohyoid

submandibular | Mylohyoid

Name the termination of submandibular duct

Lingual Frenulum "Note: Sublingual Caruncle:

Name the Pharyngeal Constrictors muscles

1=Superior 2=Middle 3=Inferior

Name the insertion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Insertion-Midline Raphe’ (circular muscles that meet at the midline Raphe')

which pharyngeal constrictor muscles is the biggest? smallest?

inferior biggest | middle smaller

Name the pharyngeal regions

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

location of nasopharynx

behind the nasal cavities and above the soft palate. Note the pharyngeal tonsils, opening of the auditory tube (eustachian tube), and tubal elevation also called torus tubaris

this structure is 35 mm in length (adults), runs downward and antero-medial, Lateral 1/3-Bone, Medial 2/3-Cartilage, connects the Middle Ear with the Nasopharynx

Auditory (eustachian tube)

locate the pharyngeal Tonsil, when swollen are called Adenoid

Nasopharynx

Name the location of palatine tonsils

between palatopharyngeal fold and palatoglossal folds

where does the oropharynx begin?

at the Uvula

Name the function of the uvula

part of soft palate helps prevents food and liquid from going in nasopharynx . when the levator veli palatini muscle contracts the uvula rise up

behind the larynx and connects the esophagus below (be aware of the piriform recess)

Laryngopharynx

Common site for lodgment of foreign objects (pill stuck in your throat )

Piriform recess

Name the muscles of the pharynx

Primary muscles composing the pharynx are the three pharyngeal constrictors - superior, middle, inferior, with the lower portion of the inferior constrictor being referred to as the cricopharyngeal. Know that the stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeal are also considered when addressing pharyngeal function

Name the nerve innervation of stylopharyngeus muscles

glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX, posterior 1/3 intervention of the tongue

Pharyngeal Muscles are innervated by Cranial Nerve X (Vagus). Exception: Stylopharyngeus is innervated by Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal

cranial nerve X Vagus | Cranial nerve IX glossopharyngeal

Sensory Innervation to the Pharyngeal Mucosa Nasopharynx_____ Oropharynx: _________ Laryngopharynx: ____________

CN V trigeminal CN IX glossopharyngeal CN X vagus

During the act of swallowing, the pharynx is ___________ initially; then the _________ push the bolus down the pharynx into the esophagus

Elevated | Constrictors

Name the tonsillar tissue of Waldeyer's ring surrounding the entrance to the oropharynx. These are as follows

Lingual tonsils – anterior Palatine and tubal tonsils - lateral Pharyngeal tonsil-posterior

structure located behind the pharynx and anterior to esophagus

Retropharyngeal space

Upper respiratory system part 2 Flashcards

(63 cards)