General Terms

Question 0

A tree or shrub of the Mimosaceous genus, native to warm geographical regions; a favorite vegetative form in much artwork in the Middle East; Gum Arabic

Answer 0

Acacia

Question 1

In the open air; out of doors; Italian for “in the fresh air”

Answer 1

Al Fresco

Question 2

A place shaded by trees or shrubs; an open structure, usually consisting of a horizontal framework or a littice work supported by columns on which vines or other plants are trained

Answer 2

Arbor

Question 3

A real or imaginary straight line on which an object rotates or is perceived to balance; a centerline along which the parts of an object are symmetrically balanced

Answer 3

Axis

Question 4

The place of several elements along a single centerline or at cross axes to main axis

Answer 4

Axial Planning

Question 5

Italian word for Bas-relief meaning low relief

Answer 5

Basso Rilievo

Question 6

Sculpture or carving of shallow depth, usually on a flat or curvd surface of stone; figures project minimally from the monolithic background stone

Answer 6

Bas-relief

Question 7

Two-sided or arranged on opposite sides of an axis; symmetrical

Answer 7

Bilateral

Question 9

From the Paleolithic Era; a large horizontal slab-like stone that spans several upright stones as a prehistoric monument or tomb

Answer 9

Cromlech

Question 9

A low plain along a streambed or channel that is subject to flooding; soil is composed of sediments deposited by the stream

Answer 9

Floodplain

Question 10

Large upright stones capped with a covering slab; erected in prehistoric times as a monument or tomb

Answer 10

Dolmen

Question 11

A deposit of rock, gravel, and sand particles that have been transported and laid down by a flowing body of water

Answer 11

Alluvial Deposit

Question 12

A green, sometimes moist and cool, fertile place in a desert area

Answer 12

Oasis

Question 13

Having to do with right angles, rectangular, linear, or axial

Answer 13

Orthogonal

Question 14

A garden structure consisting of a trellis supported by posts or columns and upon which vines or other plants are trained

Answer 14

Pergola

Question 15

A doorway, gate, or entrance, especially a large and imposing one; pylon

Answer 15

Portal

Question 16

The Latin word that means “the paintings that adorned the walls of porticos”

Answer 16

Topia

Question 17

Evergreen plants carved into geometrical or sculptural forms

Answer 17

Topiary

Question 18

The physical features, both natural and human-made, on the earth’s surface; relief, drainage, surface materials, vegetation, special physical phenomena, and human-made (cultural) features

Answer 18

Topography

Question 19

A pyramidal staged tower, of which the angles were oriented to the cardinal points

Answer 19

Ziggurat

Question 20

A coniferous tree with evergeen needle-like leaves, cones, and a chracterisitc fragrance; regarded as sacred in much of the ancient Near East (Scientific Name and Common Name)

Answer 20

Cedrus libani (Cedar of Lebanon)

Question 21

The hardier coniferous tree with evergeen need-like leaves, cones, and characteristic fragrance; more widely found in America

Answer 21

Cedrus libani sterrocoma

Question 22

A place of delight; a terrestrial paradise; said to be in the eastern part of the world and surrounded by a high wall or mountains

Answer 22

Eden

Question 24

A raised place or small hill, usually human-made, designed to give a view of the estate

Answer 24

Mount

Question 24

An ancient structural system comprised of vertical supports, spanned by horizontal beams

Answer 24

Post and Lintel

Question 25

Any place of great beauty and perfection; a place or condition of great happiness; heaven

Answer 25

Paradise

Question 26

A geometric figure having four side and four angles

Answer 26

Quadrilateral

Question 27

A composition that consists of two axes intersecting at right angles and resulting in all four subdivisions or quadrants being equal; biaxial

Answer 27

Quadrilateral Symmetry

Question 28

The region where the stages of the ziggurats were developed into continuous inclined ramp circulating the four sides

Answer 28

Assyrian Region

Question 29

The devise for raising water; used for the irrigation of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon; also used by the ancient Egyptians for pumping water from the Nile into their vast system of irrigation canals; invented by the Mesopotamian civilizations

Answer 29

Spiral Pump

Question 30

Persian word for garden, especially one that is quadripartite or subdivided into four quadrants by water channels crossing at its center; where the capital city of Iraq gotten its name, hence "Garden City"

Answer 30

Bagh

Question 31

An important element in ancient Mesopotamian temple complexes; the number of its stages rose from one to seven in the course of time; often, each stage was faced in a stone of a different color, with the top most shrine being the most brilliant in tone

Answer 31

Ziggurat

Question 32

A large square cloth worn by women in India; Hindu word for "shawl"; used to describe the carved marble water chutes in the Moghul gardens of India and Pakistan where water is made to flow from a pool over a rippled incline to appear to sparkle as it descends to a lower pool

Answer 32

Chadar (Chador, Chuddar, or Chuder)

Question 33

Persian word for underground water canals that were constructed through the desert to bring water from a remote source to irrigate cultivated lands

Answer 33

Qanat

Question 34

The Persian word meaning "fence" or "enclosure;" in Arabic, it means "walled around"

Answer 34

Pairidaeza (Paradise)

Question 35

A garden created to symbolize the qualities of heaven

Answer 35

Paradise Garden

Question 36

A fortress or fortified place such as a town with a commanding height for military advantages

Answer 36

Citadel

Question 37

A porch-like structure consisting of a roof supported by columns and attached to a building

Answer 37

Porticos

Question 38

The public open space for social, civic, and market purposes; normally surrounded by public buildings

Answer 38

Forum

Question 39

The belief that all natural objects, animate or inamite, as well as the universe, possess a soul

Answer 39

Animism

Question 40

Attributing human firm or characteristics to inanimate objects, animals or to a god

Answer 40

Anthropomorphic

Question 41

The horizontal top part of an order of classical architecture supported by columns

Answer 41

Entablature

Question 41

The three components of an entablature

Answer 41

Architrave Frieze Cornice

Question 42

A vertical, weight-carrying architectural support; circular in cross section, and consisting of a base, a shaft, and a capital; can be erected as freestanding monuments

Answer 42

Column or Pillar

Question 45

The city that is the seat of government of a country, state, or province; any form of wealth (money or property) capable or being employed in the production of more wealth

Answer 45

Capital

Question 47

Vertical channeling or grooves; semicircular in cross section; used principally on columns and pilasters

Answer 47

Flute or Fluting

Question 48

A series or row of columns spanned by lintels

Answer 48

Colonnade

Question 49

Freestanding masonry support for an arch, usually square in section; same function as a column or pillar

Answer 49

Pier

Question 51

The topmost feature of a column, post, or pilaster; in classical architecture, it followed various architectural orders

Answer 51

Capital

Question 53

A flat, rectangular column attached to a wall as decoration rather than structure; usually of the same design order as its structural counterparts; an attached column

Answer 53

Pilaster

Question 55

A spiral scroll-like form characteristic of the Greek Ionic Capital

Answer 55

Volute

Question 57

In architecture, the part of a column between the capital and base

Answer 57

Shaft

Question 59

In architectural ornamentation, a flat square molding separating other moldings; a narrow band between two flutings in a column

Answer 59

Fillet

Question 60

An architectural member of wood or stone that projects beyond a wall to support a weight such as a roof or balcony; generally, formed of scrolls or volutes

Answer 60

Brackets

Question 61

Another term for brackets when supporting the upper portion of a cornice

Answer 61

Consoles

Question 63

In Classical or Renaissance architecture, the topmost projecting portion of the entablature;also refers to any crowning projection of a building

Answer 63

Cornice

Question 64

The foot or bottom support of a column, pillar, statue, etc.

Answer 64

Pedestal

Question 65

A Greek term meaning "chief beam;" the beam or lowest division of the entablature which extends from column to column; term also applied to the molded frame around a door or window

Answer 65

Architrave

Question 66

The portion of the entablature between the architrave and cornice in Classical architecture

Answer 66

Frieze

Question 67

In classical architecture, the triangular space at the end of a building formed by the ends of the sloping roof and the cornice; also an ornamental feature having this shape

Answer 67

Pediment or Gable

Question 68

Engineered distribution of water onto land to promote the growth of vegetation where insufficient natural rainfall limits plant growth

Answer 68

Irrigation

Question 69

The belief in many gods

Answer 69

Polytheism

Question 70

Th interval or area between or within things which has kength, breadth, and height

Answer 70

Space

Question 71

The art of space utilization

Answer 71

Landscape Architecture

Question 72

A space with definite character; consciously intended or appears to be purposeful and not accidental

Answer 72

Positive Space

Question 73

Bounded by definite edges such as walls, dense vegetation, or landforms; feels unambiguous and has an unmistakable clarity or integrity

Answer 73

Positive Space

Question 74

Without a definite, consciously intended purpose; accidental; not bounded by definite edges such as walls, dense vegetation, or landforms; feels ambiguous and lacks clarity or integrity

Answer 74

Negative Space

Question 75

Of the time prior to the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Answer 75

Ancient

Question 76

The original model or design from which all other things of thr dsmr kind are made

Answer 76

Archetype

Question 77

Gigantic; vast and rough; massive; an architectural style of stone stone construction using large irregular blocks without mortar

Answer 77

Cyclopean

Question 78

Any substance used as a binder for other substances

Answer 78

Cement

Question 79

A viscous mixture cement or lime with sand and water; used to bond units such as concrete blocks, bricks, or stoned together; also used as a plaster or stucco

Answer 79

Mortar

Question 80

In architecture, the flat slab atop the capital of a column, supporting the entablature or other super-structure

Answer 80

Abacus

Question 81

A line of arches resting on piers or columns

Answer 81

Arcade

Question 82

A structural device, semicircular or pointed in shape, formed of separated truncated wedge-shaped blocks to span an opening

Answer 82

Arch

Question 83

Relating to shepherds or herdsmen; typical rural life; having thr charm or simplicity of rural pastureland

Answer 83

Bucolic or pastoral

Question 84

Pastoral poem

Answer 84

Bucolic

Question 85

A place full of intricate passageways; a network of interconnecting passages; formed of clipped evergeen hedges

Answer 85

Labyrinth

Question 86

Patterns or composition formed by embedding small pieces of stone or glass (tesserae) in mortar or wet plaster on surface such as walls and floors

Answer 86

Mosaic

Question 87

A molding formed by a convex and concave curve; also an S-curved form

Answer 87

Ogee

Question 88

A view whose dominant characteristic is its breadth; series of pictures of a landscape displayed on a continuous surface

Answer 88

Panorama

Question 89

A masonry roof or ceiling constructed on the arch principle

Answer 89

Vault

Question 90

A type of vault; semicylindrical in criss section; a deep arch or an uninterrupted series if arches one behind the other

Answer 90

Barrel Vault

Question 91

A symbolic line that extends from the sky to the underworld with the earth at its center; trees, mountains, pyramids, and earth mounds might all be considered as such

Answer 91

Axis mundi

Question 92

The day the sun crosses the equator, marking days and night of equal length

Answer 92

Equinox

Question 93

Dates of vernal (spring) equinox and the autumnal equinoz

Answer 93

March 20 and September 23

Question 94

The furthest point the sun reaches in the sky

Answer 94

Solstice

Question 95

Dates of the summer solstice (the longest day of the year) and the winter solstice (shortest day of the year)

Answer 95

June 21 and December 21

Question 96

A vaulted, semicircular recess in a building

Answer 96

Apse

Question 97

Images inscriped on the earth

Answer 97

Geoglyphs

Question 98

A sunken or subterranean ceremonial room used in a Puebloan cultures

Answer 98

Kiva

Question 99

A megalith, an individual standing stone

Answer 99

Menhir