Generalities Flashcards
1
Q
Prokaryote ribosome
A
50s + 30s
2
Q
Eukaryote ribosome
A
60s + 40s
3
Q
Cell wall containing peptidoglycan
A
Prokaryotes
4
Q
Rate of particles travel to the bottom of the tube under centrifugal force
A
Sedimentation rate
5
Q
Unit of Sedimentation rate
A
Svedberg Unit
6
Q
Only bacteria with sterol
A
Mycoplasma
7
Q
Either DNA or RNA
A
Virus
8
Q
70s subunit
A
Bacteria
9
Q
80s subunit
A
Fungi and Protozoa/ Helminths
10
Q
Present Mitochondria
A
Fungi and Protozoa/ Helminths
11
Q
Absent Mitochondria
A
Viruses and Bacteria
12
Q
Protein capsid with lipoprotein envelope
A
Virus
13
Q
Rigidwall containing peptidoglycan
A
Bacteria
14
Q
Rigid wall, CHITIN
A
Fungi
15
Q
Flexible membrane
A
Protozoa/ Helminths
16
Q
Binary Fission
A
Bacteria
17
Q
Budding or mitosis
A
Fungi
18
Q
Mitosis only
A
Protozoa/ Helminths
19
Q
Mobile genetic elements/ “Jumping genes”
A
Transposons
20
Q
Causes mutations in genes in which they insert or alter the expression of nearby genes
A
Transposons
21
Q
2 methods of transpositions
A
Cut and Paste, Copy and Paste
22
Q
Lacks Nucleic acids
A
Prions
23
Q
Non cellular infectious proteins
A
Prions
24
Q
Naked proteins, folded differently
A
Prions
25
Associated with spongiform encephalopathies
Prions
26
VACUOLATED NEURONS
Loss of Function
Lack of immune response and inflammation
Spongiform encephalopathies
27
Cannibalism
Kuru
28
Cortical -> Demenetia
CJD
29
Cerebellar -> Ataxia, cognition well preserved
Kuru
30
Sheeps and Goats
Scarpie
31
Cow
BSE
32
Mule, Deer, Elk
Chronic wasting disease
33
Autoclave stting
121 C
15 PSI
15 mins
34
Spirochetes
Leptospira
Triponema
Borreliella
35
All bacteria has peptidoglycan except
Mycoplasma
36
Sugar backbone with peptide side chains
Peptidoglycan
37
Crosslinks peptidoglycans
Transpeptidase
38
Facilitates passage of small hyrophilic molecules in the cell
Porins
39
Kills bacteria by cleavinf B1 -> Glycosididc bond bet NAG and NAM
Lysozymes
40
Teichoic Acid
Gram Positive
41
Endotoxin/ LPS
Gram Negative
42
Thicker/ Multi layered peptidoglycan
Gram Positive
43
Lipopolysaccharide
Gram Negative
44
Periplasmic space
Gram Negative
45
Induces IL 1 & TNF
Lipid A and O antigen
46
Only gram positive with Endotoxin
Listeria Monocytogenes
47
Primary Stain
Crystal Violet
48
Mordant
Iodine
49
Decolorizing Agent
Acetone
50
Counterstain
Safranin
51
Oldest acid fast staining, requires HEATING
Zhiel Neelsen
52
Acid Fast Stain
Mycobacteriae
53
Dark Field Microscopy
Spirochetes
54
Serology only
Mycoplasma
55
Silver Stain
Legionella
56
Chlamydiae
Giemsa Stain -> Inclusion Bodies
57
Rickettsiae
Giemsa/ Tissue Stains
58
Cell wall inhibitor
Piperacillin
59
Component of gram negative cell wall reduces susceptibility to lysozymes
Outer membrane
60
Invagination of Plasma membrane, Participates in cell division and secretion
Mesosome
61
Contains hydrophilic enzymes including B lactamases
Periplasm
62
Protects against phagocytosis, Polysaccharide
Capsule
63
Attachment, conjugation, Glycoprotein
Pilus or Fimbria
64
Adherence to surfaces, Glycocalyx
Glycocalyx
65
Motility, Protein
Flagellum
66
Resistance to heat and chemicals, Keratinlike coat, Dipicolinic acid
Spore
67
Genes for antibiotic resistance and Toxins, DNA
Plasmid
68
Site of nutrients in cytoplasm
Granule
69
Non polysaccharide bacterial capsule
Bacillus anthracis - Polypeptide of D Glutamate
70
Formed by gram positive rods
Spores - Bacillus and clostridium spp
71
Extrachromosomal, double stranded circular DNA capable of replicating INDEPENDENTLY of the bacterial chromosome
Plasmids
72
Toxic proteins produce by certain bacteria that are lethal for other bacteria
Bacteriocins
73
Zero Growth Rate - Nutrients incorporated
| Adaptation, Depleted Metabolites
Lag Phase
74
B lactam antibiotics acts during this phase
Log/ Exponential Phase
75
Rapid cell division
Log or Exponential Phase
76
Constant Growth Rate
Log or Exponential
77
Exhaustion of Nutrients -> Zero growth rate
Stationary Phase
78
Formation of Spores
Stationary Phase
79
Most cells die because nutrients are exhausted
Decline/ Death Phase
80
Negative Growth Rate
Decline/ Death Phase
81
Completely dependent on O2
Obligate Aerobes
82
use FERMENTATION, but can TOLERATE low amounts of O2 because they have SOD
Microaerophiles
83
Utilize O2 if present but can use fermentation in its absence
Facultative Anaerobes
84
Exclusively anaerobic but insensitive to the presence of O2
Aerotolerant Anaerobes
85
Cannot grow in presence of O2
Obligate Anaerobes
86
Can grow in both Aerobic and Anaerobic env
Facultative, Aerotolerant
87
Can only grow in aerobic
Obligate aerobic, microaerophilic
88
Can only grow in anaerobic
Obligate anerobic
89
DNA transfer one bac to another
Conjugation
90
DNA transfer by a virus from one cell to another
Transduction
91
Purified DNA Taken up by Cell
Transformation
92
Lysogenized strains
```
shigA
Boutlinium
Cholera
Diptheria
Erythrogenic Strain of Strep Pyogenes
```
93
Normal Flora: Skin
Staph. epidermidis
94
Normal Flora:Nose
Staph Aureus
95
Normal Flora: Mouth
Strep Viridans
96
Dental Plaque
Strep Mutans -> carries
97
Normal Flora:Colon
Bacterioides, E. coli
98
Normal Flora: Vagin
Lactobacillus vaginalis
E. coli
Streptococcus agalactiae
99
Mech of bacterial disease
Toxins
| Inflammation
100
Modes of Transmission
Pili
| Glycocalyx
101
Mediates attachment of bacteria
Pili -> Neisseria
102
Mediates strong adherance
Glycocalyx -> biofilms -> endocarditis
103
Mediate binding to endothelium and to extracellular proteins such as fibronectin
Culri
104
Enzyme: Spread through subcutaneous tissue
Collagenase, Hyaluronidase (Spreading factor)
105
Enzyme: Accelerates formation of fibrin clots coating the org with fibrin
Coagulase
106
Enzyme: Adherence to MUCOUS MEMBRANE protease
IgA protease
107
Enzyme: destroys neutrophilic leukocytes and macrophages
Leukocidin
108
Anticapsular antibodies allow more effective phagocytosis to occur
Opsonization
109
ANTIPHAGOCYTIC protein of S pyogenes
M Protein
110
Prevents complement activation by S. aureus
Protein A
111
Exotoxin composition
Polypeptide
112
Location of genes of Exotoxin
Plasmid and Bacteriophages
113
Vaccines used by Exotoxin
Toxoids
114
More heat stable
Endotoxin - stable at 100 C, (Exotoxin that is heat labile is stap enterotoxin)
115
Exotoxin dse
Tetanus, Boulism
116
Endotoxin disease
Meningococcemia
117
Secreted by bacteria -> dse
Exotoxin
118
Exotoxin: Active Subunit
A subunit
119
Exotoxin: Binding Subunit
B subunit
120
Lecithinase Exotoxin
Clostridum perfringens Alpha toxin
121
Superantigen Exotoxin
Any toxin from Strep or Staph
122
Protease Exotoxin
```
BATS
Botulinium
Anthrax
Tetanus
Scalded Skin Syndrome
```
123
Most Toxic component of LPS
Lipid A
124
Lipid A MOA
Cytokines
Complement
Coagulation
125
All bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycans except:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
126
All gram positive bacteria have no endotoxin except
Listeria monocytogenes
127
All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide except
Bacillus anthracis
128
All exotoxins are heat labile except
Staphylococcal enterotoxin
129
Colony, morphology
Microbial identification
130
Ig
Serodiagnosis
131
Antimicrobial agents
Anti microbial susceptibility
132
Egg Yolk Agar
Clostridium Perfringens
133
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Tellurite
134
Group D strep
Bile esculin
135
Staphylococci
Manitol Salts
136
N. Meningitides
| N. gonorrhea from (STERILE SITES)
Chocolate Agar
137
N. gonorrhea (NON STERILE)
Thayer Martin VCN
138
VCN
Vancomycin
Colistin
Nystatin
139
Haemophilus
Chocolate + Factors X and V
140
Lowensein Jensen
Mycobacterium TB
141
TCBS
Vibrio Cholerae
142
Bordet - gengou
Bordatella
143
Charcoal Yeast
Legionella
144
Skirrows
Campylobacter, Helicobacter
145
Barbour - Stoenner - Kelly
Borrelia burgdorferi
146
Eaton
Mycoplasma
147
Cetrimide
Pseudomonas
148
XLD
Salmonella, Shigella
149
Ellinghausen - McColloyugh - Johnson Harris (EMJH)/ Fletcher
Leptospira
150
Hydrolysis, Mutant PBP
B Lactams
151
Active efflux from cell
Tetracycline
152
Inactivation of enzymes
Aminoglycosides
153
Overproduction of Target
Sulfonamide
154
Mutant DNA Gyrase
Fluroquinolones
155
Reduced Reuptake in the cell
Chlormaphenicol
156
Reprogramming D Ala D Ala
Vancomycin
157
Ribosomal methylation
Quinupristin/dalfopristin
158
RNA Methylation, Drug Efflux
Macrolides
159
Broadest antibacterial spectrum among pemicillins
Piperarcilin
160
Antipseudomonal
Atzreonam
