Genetics

Question 1

Discuss law of segregation

Answer 1

parental genes are randomly segregated in the sex cell, offspring will receive 1 gene from each parent

Question 2

true-breeding vs hybridization

Answer 2

true-breeding: offspring is same variety ng parent (self-polinating)
hybridization: mating of 2 contrasting true-breeding varieties

Question 3

character vs trait

Answer 3

character: heritable feature na nagvavary
trait: variations ng character

Question 4

example ng character and trait

Answer 4

character - color of flower
trait - white or purple

Question 5

blended vs particulate hypothesis

Answer 5

blended - nagsasama genetic material from 2 parents
particulate - parents pass discrete heritable units

Question 6

alternative version of a gene that accounts for variations in inherited characters

Answer 6

allele

Question 7

phenotype vs genotype

Answer 7

phenotype - physical appearance
genotype - genetic make-up

Question 8

used to determine genotype if unknown

Answer 8

testcross

Question 9

testcross if testing for 1 character only

Answer 9

monohybrid cross

Question 10

cross between f1 dihybrids, determine if traits are passed independently

Answer 10

dihybrid cross

Question 11

explain law of independent assortment

Answer 11

one trait does not depend on another trait pero nag-aapply lang siya if magkaibang chromosome or genes na magkalayo sa iisang chromosome

Question 12

law of independent assortment is developed from using

Answer 12

dihybrid cross

Question 13

explain law of dominance

Answer 13

one trait will be dominant over the other or the dominant trait will be expressed over the recessive trati

Question 14

differentiate complete, incomplete and codominance

Answer 14

alam mo na yan, basic

Question 15

shape of allele A in blood type

Answer 15

triangle

Question 16

shape of allele B in blood type

Answer 16

circle

Question 17

give example of codominance

Answer 17

blood type AB

Question 18

genes have multiple phenotypic effects

Answer 18

pleiotropy

Question 19

a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at the second locus

Answer 19

epistasis

Question 20

Explain chargaff’s rule

Answer 20

A=T, G=C

Question 21

where dna strands are elongating

Answer 21

replication fork

Question 22

function of helicase

Answer 22

untwist double helix at replication fork

Question 23

function of topoisomerase

Answer 23

corrects overwinding

Question 24

translates DNA to RNA

Answer 24

primase

Question 25

adds new complements

Answer 25

dna polymerase

Question 26

an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype

Answer 26

polygenic inheritance

Question 27

example of polygenic inheritance

Answer 27

skin color

Question 28

example of epistasis

Answer 28

color of animal coat

Question 29

stabilize single-stranded DNA

Answer 29

single-stranded binding proteins

Question 30

dna polymerase can only add fragments in what direction

Answer 30

5' to 3'

Question 31

what is the leading strand in the original DNA? 5' to 3' or 3' to 5'?

Answer 31

3' to 5' kasi nga nagwowork lang yung DNA polymerase ng 5' to 3' tas yung 5' is nagbibind dun sa may 3'

Question 32

strand that moves towards the replication fork

Answer 32

leading strand

Question 33

strand that moves away from the replication fork

Answer 33

lagging strand

Question 34

segments from lagging strand connected by ligase

Answer 34

okazaki fragments

Question 35

what connects the okazaki fragments

Answer 35

ligase

Question 36

family tree that describes the inter-relationships of parents and children across generations

Answer 36

pedigree

Question 37

special nucleotide sequences found at eukaryotic chromosomal ends

Answer 37

telomeres

Question 38

function of telomeres

Answer 38

postpone the erosion of genes near the DNA molecules?, connected to aging

Question 39

recessive condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in skin and hair

Answer 39

albinism

Question 40

form of dwarfism caused by rare dominant allele

Answer 40

achondroplasia

Question 41

liquid that bathes the fetus is removed and tested

Answer 41

amniocentesis

Question 42

sample of placenta is removed and tested

Answer 42

chorionic villus sampling

Question 43

explains the flow of genetic info from dna to rna to make a functional product: protein

Answer 43

central dogma