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ZOOLFUN > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Discuss law of segregation

A

parental genes are randomly segregated in the sex cell, offspring will receive 1 gene from each parent

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2
Q

true-breeding vs hybridization

A

true-breeding: offspring is same variety ng parent (self-polinating)
hybridization: mating of 2 contrasting true-breeding varieties

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3
Q

character vs trait

A

character: heritable feature na nagvavary
trait: variations ng character

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4
Q

example ng character and trait

A

character - color of flower
trait - white or purple

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5
Q

blended vs particulate hypothesis

A

blended - nagsasama genetic material from 2 parents
particulate - parents pass discrete heritable units

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6
Q

alternative version of a gene that accounts for variations in inherited characters

A

allele

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7
Q

phenotype vs genotype

A

phenotype - physical appearance
genotype - genetic make-up

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8
Q

used to determine genotype if unknown

A

testcross

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9
Q

testcross if testing for 1 character only

A

monohybrid cross

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10
Q

cross between f1 dihybrids, determine if traits are passed independently

A

dihybrid cross

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11
Q

explain law of independent assortment

A

one trait does not depend on another trait pero nag-aapply lang siya if magkaibang chromosome or genes na magkalayo sa iisang chromosome

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12
Q

law of independent assortment is developed from using

A

dihybrid cross

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13
Q

explain law of dominance

A

one trait will be dominant over the other or the dominant trait will be expressed over the recessive trati

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14
Q

differentiate complete, incomplete and codominance

A

alam mo na yan, basic

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15
Q

shape of allele A in blood type

A

triangle

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16
Q

shape of allele B in blood type

A

circle

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17
Q

give example of codominance

A

blood type AB

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18
Q

genes have multiple phenotypic effects

A

pleiotropy

19
Q

a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at the second locus

A

epistasis

20
Q

Explain chargaff’s rule

A

A=T, G=C

21
Q

where dna strands are elongating

A

replication fork

22
Q

function of helicase

A

untwist double helix at replication fork

23
Q

function of topoisomerase

A

corrects overwinding

24
Q

translates DNA to RNA

A

primase

25
Q

adds new complements

A

dna polymerase

26
Q

an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype

A

polygenic inheritance

27
Q

example of polygenic inheritance

A

skin color

28
Q

example of epistasis

A

color of animal coat

29
Q

stabilize single-stranded DNA

A

single-stranded binding proteins

30
Q

dna polymerase can only add fragments in what direction

A

5’ to 3’

31
Q

what is the leading strand in the original DNA? 5’ to 3’ or 3’ to 5’?

A

3’ to 5’ kasi nga nagwowork lang yung DNA polymerase ng 5’ to 3’ tas yung 5’ is nagbibind dun sa may 3’

32
Q

strand that moves towards the replication fork

A

leading strand

33
Q

strand that moves away from the replication fork

A

lagging strand

34
Q

segments from lagging strand connected by ligase

A

okazaki fragments

35
Q

what connects the okazaki fragments

A

ligase

36
Q

family tree that describes the inter-relationships of parents and children across generations

A

pedigree

37
Q

special nucleotide sequences found at eukaryotic chromosomal ends

A

telomeres

38
Q

function of telomeres

A

postpone the erosion of genes near the DNA molecules?, connected to aging

39
Q

recessive condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in skin and hair

A

albinism

40
Q

form of dwarfism caused by rare dominant allele

A

achondroplasia

41
Q

liquid that bathes the fetus is removed and tested

A

amniocentesis

42
Q

sample of placenta is removed and tested

A

chorionic villus sampling

43
Q

explains the flow of genetic info from dna to rna to make a functional product: protein

A

central dogma

ZOOLFUN (9 decks)

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