integumentary system

Question 1

differentiate the 2 layers of the integument

Answer 1

epidermis - thinner, protected by hair, some areas thickened with keratin, NO BLOOD VESSEL
dermis - thicker, VASCULAR: contains nerve endings, blood vessels and hair follicles

Question 2

what is keratin

Answer 2

fibrous protein that constitute the nails, claws, hooves and hair

Question 3

what are the layers of the epidermis in order from the most superficial

Answer 3

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

Question 4

function of stratum corneum

Answer 4

dry dead layer prevents penetration of microorganisms and prevents dehydration, provides protection against aberration for the deeper layers

Question 5

function of stratum lucidum

Answer 5

found only in the thick skin of the body such as palm, ankle, etc

Question 6

function and appearance of stratum granulosum

Answer 6

grainy appearance under microscope because of its capability to generate large amount of keratin

Question 7

function and appearance of stratum spinosum

Answer 7

spiny appearance due to protruding cell processes allowing them to communicate

Question 8

function of stratum basale

Answer 8

mitotic activity of the epidermis

Question 9

other name for stratum basale

Answer 9

stratum germinativum

Question 10

what layer of skin are the vaccines shot in

Answer 10

subcutaneous layer

Question 10

what is the subcutaneous layer

Answer 10

fat layer

Question 11

what is under the dermis layer of the skin

Answer 11

subcutaneous tissue/layer

Question 11

characteristic structure of mammals

Answer 11

hair

Question 12

hair exists in whales as

Answer 12

bristles

Question 13

responsible for goosebumps

Answer 13

arrector pili muscle

Question 14

hair that adheres to each other when wet

Answer 14

guard hair

Question 15

hair for insulation

Answer 15

under hair

Question 16

hair that provides coloration

Answer 16

guard hair

Question 17

hair that is dense and soft

Answer 17

under hair

Question 18

layers of the hair

Answer 18

medulla - center
cortex - middle layer
cuticle - outermost layer

Question 19

what is the cuticle made of

Answer 19

imbricated scales

Question 20

layer of hair with pigments granules

Answer 20

cortex

Question 21

center layer of the hair

Answer 21

medulla

Question 22

differentiate horns and antlers

Answer 22

horns - not shed, not branched and continuously grow, hollow sheath of keratinized epidermis
antlers - branched, shed after breeding season, composed of solid bone

Question 23

highly vascular soft skin that covers the antlers during annual spring growth

Answer 23

velvet

Question 24

differentiate apocrine gland and eccrine gland

Answer 24

apocrine - larger, release content thru hair follicle, correlated with reproductive cycle, not involved in heat regulation, milky fluid

eccrine - smaller, release content directly in the epidermis, found all over the body (occur in hairless regions), cools down skin if evaporated, watery fluid

Question 25

polite fat

Answer 25

sebum

Question 26

gland cells are secreted in their ENTIRETY and are continuously renewed by cell division

Answer 26

sebaceous gland

Question 27

mammary glands are modified __ gland

Answer 27

apocrine

Question 28

gland that is rudimentary form in all male mammals

Answer 28

mammary glands

Question 29

lack nipples

Answer 29

monotremes

Question 30

tubular, highly coiled glands that occur over much of the body surfaces in most mammals

Answer 30

sweat glands

Question 31

gland for communication with members of same species

Answer 31

scent glands

Question 32

glands for marking territorial boundaries

Answer 32

scent glands

Question 33

glands for warning or defense

Answer 33

scent