Genetics

Question 1

traits

Answer 1

similar to those of your parents, some inherited from parents (hair/eye color), some are acquired (language, abilities)

Question 2

genes

Answer 2

located on chromosomes, inherit genes from parents, 46 in each cell, 2 per homolog, code made up of pairs of base on DNA

Question 3

homolog

Answer 3

chromosome pair, 23 in each cell, half from mom, half from dad, sometimes one parent is dominant, genes on it could be two of the same or two different

Question 4

allele

Answer 4

different forms of a gene, inherit 2 alleles per trait, 1 from each parent

Question 5

gregor mendel

Answer 5

the father of genetics, performed first major experiments investigating heredity, austrian, investigated inheritance using pea plant

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

describes the physical characteristic that is displayed by your genes, observable

Question 7

genotype

Answer 7

describes actual genes that you have in DNA, not always observable

Question 8

dominant

Answer 8

physically expressed regardless of what other allele it is paired with, expressed with capital letter

Question 9

recessive

Answer 9

physically expressed only when paired with another recessive allele, expressed with lowercase letter

Question 10

probability

Answer 10

the likelihood that something will happen

Question 11

heterozygous

Answer 11

2 different alleles for a trait (hybrid)

Question 12

homozygous

Answer 12

2 alleles that are same for a trait (pure bred)

Question 13

punnett square

Answer 13

standard way of working out what the possible offspring of two parents all be

Question 14

gametes

Answer 14

outcome of meiosis, sperm and egg cells

Question 15

final product of meiosis

Answer 15

4 nonidentical sister cells with 23 chromosomes

Question 16

meiosis vs mitosis

Answer 16

meiosis goes through PMAT twice and has 4 cells as the product

Question 17

somatic cells

Answer 17

all cells in your body except sperm and egg cells, the ones that undergo mitosis, all have 23 pairs of chromosomes, are diploids

Question 18

gamete cells

Answer 18

sex cells, undergo meiosis, only have 1 set of each chromosome (23 total), are haploids

Question 19

diploid

Answer 19

to have a full set of chromosomes (23 pairs, 46 total)

Question 20

haploid

Answer 20

to have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have

Question 21

genome

Answer 21

complete set of all genes on all chromosomes, 10s of 1000s in humans

Question 22

list order of traits

Answer 22

genome
chromatin
chromosome
gene
DNA
base

Question 23

chromosome

Answer 23

organized structures to hold genomes, made of Dna all 23 pairs are genome, in nucleus

Question 24

DNA

Answer 24

molecule made of 2 strands twisted in a double helix, links between each strand are bases, stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, sides made of sugar and phosphate, rungs of nitrogen containing chemicals

Question 25

bases

Answer 25

A,T,C,G, a with t, c with g, each can only join with the one other, the sequence of these joinings contain instructions to make an organism with unique traits

Question 26

proteins

Answer 26

make important body structures, long chains of amino acids

Question 27

triplet or codon

Answer 27

a group of three bases codes for one specific amino acid, 20 amino acids in your body (like alphabet)

Question 28

protein synthesis

Answer 28

the cell uses info from a gene (DNA code) to make specific protein

Question 29

RNA

Answer 29

acts like a messenger between DNA in nucleus and ribosomes in cytoplasm, can travel throughout cell but DNA can't leave nucleus

Question 30

RNA codes

Answer 30

A,U,C,G,

Question 31

mRNA

Answer 31

messenger, copies DNA code and brings it to ribosomes

Question 32

tRNA

Answer 32

transfer, brings amino acids from cytoplasm to the ribosome and helps build protein

Question 33

polypeptide chain

Answer 33

another term for protein