Genetics

Question 0

The parents of three boys are having another child. What is the probability that the child will be a girl?

Answer 0

50%

Question 1

The visible traits of an organism are its

Answer 1

Phenotypes

Question 2

The sex if an offspring is determined by

Answer 2

The father

Question 3

The units if DNA that determine, for example, whether a plant is tall or short are called

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

Which are formed by meiosis? 
A. Sperm
B. Egg
C. None of the above 
D. Sperm and egg

Answer 4

D. Sperm and egg

Question 5

Gene pairs are carried on rod shaped structures within the cell called

Answer 5

Chromosomes

Question 6

If Y represents the allele for yellow seeds and y represents the allele for green seeds, which genotype represents a green seeded plant?
A. Yy
B. YY
C. yy
D. None of the above

Answer 6

C. yy

Question 7

Why are sex-linked traits more common in makes than females?

Answer 7

A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the sex-linked trait in a male

Question 8

What are the four bases of DNA?

Answer 8

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 9

What does a punnet square show?

Answer 9

All the possible offspring of a genetic cross

Question 10

What did Mendel predict what was the probability of producing a tall plant from a genetic cross of two hybrid parents?

Answer 10

Three in four or 75%

Question 11

What is probability?

Answer 11

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 12

What did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments?

Answer 12

He cross pollinated plants

Question 13

Which if the following processes are necessary for growth and reproduction of humans? 
A. Meiosis and mitosis 
B. Mitosis
C. Meiosis   
D. Diffusion

Answer 13

A. Meiosis and mitosis

Question 14

Neither of Tommy’s parents had webbed toes. What do we know about their genotypes for webbing?

Answer 14

Both are heterozygous

Question 15

Tommy was born with extra skin between his toes. This webbing is recessive. What is Tommy’s genotype for webbing?

Answer 15

Homozygous recessive

Question 16

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that is passed on with a recessive gene pair. If a male is heterozygous for sickle cell anemia, what fraction of his sperm will have the sickle cell allele?

Answer 16

1/2

Question 17

What do chromosomes do for an organism?

Answer 17

Throughout the genes, they determine the characteristics of the organism and pass these characteristics on to its offspring

Question 18

the passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring

Answer 18

Heredity

Question 19

the scientific study of Heredity

Answer 19

Genetics

Question 20

any characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes

Answer 20

Trait

Question 21

a segment of DNA (found on a chromosome pair) that codes for a specific trait. In genetics genes are represented with letters

Answer 21

Gene

Question 22

one piece of DNA (one letter) from a gene pair.

Answer 22

Allele

Question 23

a strong allele that expresses itself when paired with a recessive allele. It “masks or covers-up” the recessive trait

Answer 23

Dominate

Question 24

a weak allele that only expresses itself if paired with another recessive

Answer 24

Recessive

Question 25

physical trait that we can see

Answer 25

Phenotype

Question 26

the letters that represent the DNA or trait and gene pair (2 alleles)

Answer 26

Genotype

Question 27

a gene pair with 2 of the same alleles

Answer 27

Purebred

Question 28

2 dominant alleles (BB) or 2 recessive alleles (bb)

Answer 28

Homozygote

Question 29

a gene pair with 2 different alleles

Answer 29

Hybrid

Question 30

1 dominant allele and 1 recessive allele (Bb)

Answer 30

Heterozygote

Question 31

sperm + egg or fertilized egg

Answer 31

Zygote

Question 32

Possibility that an event will occur

Answer 32

Probability

Question 33

Cell reproduction necessary: formation of sex cells (sperm or egg) +Every new cell: Contains y2 the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Answer 33

Meiosis

Question 34

Cell reproduction necessary: Cell repair, cell replacement, organism growth. + Every cell is identical to parent cell same number of chromosomes as parent cell

Answer 34

Mitosis

Question 35

large organic molecules

Answer 35

Proteins

Question 36

What are some examples of proteins?

Answer 36

fingernails, feathers, spider web, cell membrane, and other cell organelles

Question 37

small units that make up different proteins

Answer 37

Amino acids

Question 38

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 38

20

Question 39

protein that can speed up reaction in a living thing or stop one.

Answer 39

Enzyme

Question 40

What are male gametes equivalent to?

Answer 40

Sperm

Question 41

What are female gametes equivalent to?

Answer 41

Egg

Question 42

Information card

Answer 42

Each human body cell contains the same number of chromosomes

Question 43

How many chromosomes does each human body cell have?

Answer 43

46

Question 44

Fill in the blank. Each chromosome has a homologous partner chromosome. This makes the cell __________ So in human diploid cells ____pairs or ____ chromosomes

Answer 44

Diploid 23 46

Question 45

Fill in the blanks Organisms that conduct sexual reproduction have sex cells (______) that are _______ (n) In a haploid sex cell, the chromosomes do not have a homologous pair. So in human haploid cells _______

Answer 45

Gamete Haploid 23 chromosomes

Question 46

Fill in the blank | To make a haploid sex cell from a diploid cell, cells undergo the process of .........

Answer 46

Meiosis

Question 47

Who is the "father of genetics"?

Answer 47

Gregor Mendel

Question 48

The joining of as sperm and an egg

Answer 48

Fertilization

Question 49

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

Answer 49

Punnet square

Question 50

Having two identical allele for a trait

Answer 50

Homozygous

Question 51

Having two different allele for a trait

Answer 51

Heterozygous

Question 52

A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive

Answer 52

Codominance

Question 53

Describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes, one for each parent

Answer 53

Diploid

Question 54

The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

Answer 54

Meiosis

Question 55

RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm

Answer 55

Messenger RNA

Question 56

RNA in the cytoplasm that carried an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain

Answer 56

Transfer RNA

Question 57

A change in a gene or chromosome

Answer 57

Mutation

Question 58

What were the results of Mendel's experiments, or crosses

Answer 58

In all of Mendel's crosses, only one form of the train appeared in the F1 generation. However, in the F2 generation the "lost" form of the trait always reappeared in about one fourth of the plants

Question 59

What controls the inheritance of traits in organisms?

Answer 59

An organism's traits are determined by the alleles it inherits from its parents.

Question 60

What is probability and how does it explain the results of genetic crosses?

Answer 60

Probability is a number that describes how likely it is that a certain event will occur. In a genetic cross, the allele that each parent will pass on to its offsprings is based on probability

Question 61

What is codominance?

Answer 61

In codominance, the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring

Question 62

What role do chromosomes play in inheritance?

Answer 62

According to the chromosome theory of inheritance, genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes

Question 63

What events occur during meiosis

Answer 63

Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to two different cells

Question 64

What is the relationship between chromosomes and genes

Answer 64

Chromosomes are made up of many genes joined together like beads on a string

Question 65

What forms the genetic code

Answer 65

The order of the nitrogen bases along a gene forms s genetic code that specifies what type of protein will be produced

Question 66

How does a cell produce proteins

Answer 66

During protein synthesis the cell uses info from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein

Question 67

How can mutations effect and organism

Answer 67

They can cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein