Genetics 6 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is asexual reproduction?
A mode of reproduction where offspring arise from a single parent, without the fusion of gametes.
What is sexual reproduction?
A mode of reproduction involving the fusion of gametes from two parents
Which type of reproduction allows variation?
Sexual.
What is a clone?
A genetically identical organism produced through asexual reproduction
What is Parthenogenesis?
A form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into an embryo without fertilization.
What is Apomixis?
A form of asexual reproduction in plants, where seeds develop without fertilization.
What is a hermaphrodite?
An organism that has both male and female reproductive organs, and can produce both sperm and eggsW
What are the two types of hermaphrodite?
Simultaneous and Sequential
How does Daphnia switch between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Daphnia reproduces asexually in favourable conditions and sexually in harsh conditions.
Why do Daphnia switch to sexual reproduction in unfavourable conditions?
To create genetic variation, which helps populations survive changing environments.
Pros and Cons of Asexual Reproduction?
Pros - Allows rapid reproduction without a mate, good for stable environments.
Cons - No genetic variation, makes populations more vulnerable to disease and change in environment.
Pros and Cons of Sexual Reproduction?
Pros - Generates genetic diversity, increasing adaptability
Cons - Slower and requires more energy (two parents, production of gametes)
How does Sexual Reproduction generate recombinant genotypes?
Meiosis and Recombination (shuffling of alleles)
What meiotic process leads to new genetic combinations in offspring?
Crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis
Why is genetic recombination important?
Increases genetic diversity.
Why do asexual species often arise from sexual species?
Asexuality provides short-term reproductive advantages, allowing rapid population expansion.
Why is evolving from a sexual to an asexual state considered an evolutionary dead end?
Asexual organisms lack genetic diversity, making them vulnerable to environmental changes and diseases.
What is the Mullers Ratchet hypothesis?
Harmful mutations accumulate in asexual populations, leading to eventual decline and extinction
