Genetics Quiz review Flashcards
(23 cards)
Trait
A characteristic passed down from the parents, to the offspring
Chromosome
A large compact of DNA with many instructions for genes
Transcription
Copying information stored in the gene into a strand of mRNA
Translation
mRNA is decoded and used to build Amino acids into protiens
Amino Acids
building blocks of protiens
mRNA
A molecule that carries instructions from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for assembling protiens
Protien synthsis
Using information from a gene to build a specific protien
Codon
3 letter base in mRNA for 1 Amino acid
Mutegen
A factor that causes mutations
Protiens
A molecule that builds traits in a organism and is determined by the DNA
gene
a section of dna that determines 1 trait
Mutation
a change in the structure of a gene
Asexual Reproduction
An offspring produces from a single parent 100% the same Dna
Sexual reproduction
Two different parents cells prouduces an offspring 50% Dna
DNA
a molecule that stores a organisms genetic information
Genome
ALL of a organisms genetic information
Genetics
study that traits are passed on from parents to offspring
necloutide
What makes up mRna and Dna (phosphates and sugars)
Which molecule tells rihboes how to assemble proteins and where does this occur
mRNA tells the ribosome how to assemble the A.A. in the cytoplasm
What is the role of DNA in a cell?
To store genetic information that will be used to build proteins
What codon will start each protein
AUG
What two factors affect how proteins will interact with each other
The shape of the proteins and their chemical properties
How can a mutation sometimes have no effect in an organism, and other times be deadly
-A mutation won’t have an effect if it is in a part of the DNA molecule that does not code for a gene, or it doesn’t change the amino acid sequence.
-If the mutation DOES change the amino acid sequence, it can change the protein’s shape, or charge and it might not work correctly.
