genetics repoduction and uhh evolution Flashcards
(35 cards)
female chromosones
XX
male chromosones
XY
gene definition
small section of dna that codes for a protein
genome definition
the entire set of genetic material in an organism
alleles defintion
different version of the same gene
2 alleles of a gene because 1 from each parent
heterozygous definition
different alleles
homozygous definition
same alleles
genotype definition
entire collection of alleles we have
phenotype defintion
characteristics gained from genotype
which allele is expressed?
the dominant one
how can a recessive gene be expressed?
if both alleles are recessive
which alleles are present in homozygous recessive
recessive (a) + recessive (a)
which alleles are present in homozygous dominant
dominant (A) + dominant (A)
which alleles are present in heterozygous
dominant (A) + recessive (a)
what does A pair up with in DNA
T
what does C pair up with in DNA
G
recessive defintion
phenotype is expressed only when both alleles are homozygous
which alleles would you need to be a carrier for a recessive disesase
Nn (heterozygous)
what does oestrogen do and where is it produced
ovaries, stimulates uterus lining to grow
what does progesterone do and where is it produced
ovaries, maintains uterus lining
what does FSH do and where is it produced
pituitary gland, stimulates an egg to mature in the ovaries
what does LH do and where is it produced
pituitary gland, stimulates ovulation
describe the menstrual cycle in terms of hormones
- high levels of fsh stimulate ovaries to produce oestrogen
- oestrogen inhibits (limits) the release of FSH and stimulates release of LH
- LH spike = ovulation
- Levels of progesterone increase inhibit LH + FSH
stages of the menstural cycle
- menstruation (uterus breaks down and bleeding happens)
- building up the uterus lining
- ovulation (egg being released from ovaries)
- maintenence of uterus lining
