Genetics Test

Question 1

trait

Answer 1

characteristic of an organism

Question 2

genetics

Answer 2

study of genes and heredity

Question 3

alleles

Answer 3

one of two or more alternate forms of a gene

Question 4

heredity

Answer 4

process of passing traits from parent to children

Question 5

purebred

Answer 5

homozygous - genes that are alike for a particular trait

Question 6

dominant

Answer 6

a dominant gene will show up no matter what other genes are present. Capital letter.

Question 7

recessive

Answer 7

A recessive gene will only show up if it is paired with another recessive gene. lowercase letter

Question 8

Punnett Square

Answer 8

the tool used to determine the outcomes of genetic crosses

Question 9

phenotype

Answer 9

describes the physical appearance of an organism

Question 10

genotype

Answer 10

used to describe the genes of an organism

Question 11

homozygous

Answer 11

genotype where the genes are the same

Question 12

heterozygous

Answer 12

genotype where one gene is dominant and one is recessive

Question 13

selective breeding

Answer 13

choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics.

Question 14

How do we distinguish a dominant trait from a recessive trait?

Answer 14

Capital for dominant and lowercase for recessive

Question 15

Difference between allele and gene

Answer 15

a gene is a code for a specific trait; alleles are variations of a gene

Question 16

Difference between heterozygous and homozygous?

Answer 16

Homozygous made with two of the same alleles. Heterozygous is made with two different alleles.

Question 17

Examples of homozygous and hetereozygous.

Answer 17

Pea Plant: Yellow - Y Green - y
Homozygous: YY or yy
Heterozygous: Yy

Question 18

genotype vs phenotype

Answer 18

genotype is an organism’s specific genetic code; Yy
phenotype is the physical expression of a characteristic: Yellow

Question 19

Blood Types

Answer 19

A, B, AB, O

Question 20

Chromosomes affected by sex-linked disorders

Answer 20

X or Y

Question 21

recessive disorders

Answer 21

sickle cell, Tay-Sacs Disorder, Cystic Fibrosis

Question 22

sex-linked disorders

Answer 22

Hemophilia

Question 23

mitosis

Answer 23

division of somatic (body) cells

Question 24

meiosis

Answer 24

sexual reproduction that produces four new sex cells or gamete each with half the usual number of chromosomes.

Question 25

mitosis stages

Answer 25

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Question 26

meiosis stages

Answer 26

Meiosis I - Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis Meiosis II - Interphase II, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Cytokinesis II

Question 27

compare meiosis and mitosis

Answer 27

Same stages in each process for cell division

Question 28

contrast meiosis and mitosis

Answer 28

cell division once in mitosis and twice in meiosis; mitosis produces cell with same number of chromosomes and meiosis produces cell with half the number of chromosomes. Mitosis - 4 phases, Meiosis - 8 phases; Mitosis - 2 daughter cells and meiosis 4 daughter cells; Mitosis - asexual reproduction and meiosis - sexual reproduction]