Genital Anatomy Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
What are these and what are their significance?
A
Pilgrim badges from 14th and 15th century
There is a clear period we can point to when genital shame became apparent
2
Q
A
3
Q
A
4
Q
A
5
Q
Clitoris size
A
pea to small pickle
6
Q
Clitoris nerve endings
A
twice as many as compared to penis
7
Q
Clitoris function
A
solely for pleasure
8
Q
A
9
Q
Skenes Gland
A
release mucus and fluids (same fluids as prostate)
10
Q
Bartholin’s Gland
A
releases mucus and lubrication
can get cysts
11
Q
A
12
Q
A
13
Q
What are the two cylinders inside the clitoris?
A
Corpus Cavernosum
14
Q
Hymen/Vaginal Corona
A
Thin membrane that can surround the opening of the vagina, often with a small circular opening
Not a test for “virginity”
15
Q
They Hymen possibly exists to ______
A
Block Germs from entering
16
Q
A
17
Q
Wandering uterus
A
12th century
uturus can travel and cause pain to other parts of the body
hysteria
18
Q
A
19
Q
A
20
Q
A
21
Q
Breast budding
A
first sign of puberty in ovary person
22
Q
Puberty Progression on ovary person
A
Breast budding (8-13)
Growth of pubic hair (8-14)
Growth Spurt (9-14.5)
First period (menarch) (10-16)
Underarm hair (10.5-16.5)
Change in body shape (11-14.5)
Adult breast size (12.5-16.5)
23
Q
Egg cells
A
1.2 million in body when born
Decreases over time
can be fertilized at puberty
24
Q
Corpus luteum
A
A yellow lining in the uterus after ovulation
secretes progesterone
degenerates without fertilization
25
proliferative/ follicular phase
FSH acts on the ovarian follicle
Follicle grows until it’s ready to be released
Vaginal secretions get thinner
Controlled mainly by estrogen
Towards the end of this half, as estrogen increases – endometrial glands start to proliferate (grow)
26
Ovulation Phase
LH surge causes the ovary to release the egg
Positive feedback!
Release of egg is pop off valve
27
The secretory/luteal phase
LH is elevated, but starts to decrease (positive feedback turned off)
Vaginal secretions gets thicker
Endometrial lining builds up with blood supply
Mainly controlled by progesterone
28
Phases in the Ovary
Follicular and Luteal
29
Phases in the endometrium
proliferative and secretory
30
Menarch
first menstruation someone has
31
Average age of menarch?
12.4
32
average days of bleeding for menstrual cycle
2-7
33
menstruation occurs every
21-45 days
(after the first 2 years, every 21-35 days)
34
average blood loss with menstruation
30ml/cycle (80ml associated with anemia - if someone is changing product more than every 2 hours that might be more)
35
menstrual cycle irregularities
Pregnancy
Infections
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (produce higher than normal testosterone)
Premature ovarian insufficiency / failure (premature menopause)
Fibroids (non-cancerous growths in uterus)
Endometriosis
Stress
Perimenopause
36
Dysmenorrhea
term for pain with your period (menstruation) or menstrual cramps.
two types: primary and and secondary
37
Primary Dysmenorrhea
is the name for common menstrual cramps that come back over and over again (recurrent) and aren't due to other diseases.
38
Secondary Dysmenorrhea
results from reproductive system disorders
39
During puberty ____ and _____ pulsatile release to increase _____ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
FSH and LH
Estrogena and Progresterone
40
Thelarche
(1st sign of puberty) – estrogen stimulates ductal development, progesterone stimulates alveolar development
41
Estrogen in puberty causes what changes
growth of uterus, vagina, labia minora, bone calcium deposition, nonreceding scalp hairline, wider pelvis, subcutaneous fat deposit, closure of growth plate, heart protection
42
Menopause occurs after ___ months of amenorrhea/anovulation
12 months
43
Menopause
Lower levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body
Affects bones, heart, mood, temperature, vaginal epithelial lay thins
FSH and LH start to increase (negative feedback), FSH first and higher (is marker via lab test)
Hormonal changes – headache, mood changes, hot flashes
44
non hormonal management of menopause
Vaginal lubricants
Moisturizers
Exercise
Tobacco cessation
45
hormonal management of menopause
vaginal estrogen
systemic estrogen
SSRI's
Calcium, Vitamin D
46
47
48
average penis size
3 inches flacid
5 inches erect
(adult)
49
is there correlation between flaccid-erect size or
shoe size, height, weight, race or ethnicity?
no
50
is there a way to change penis size?
no
51
Tunica Albuginea
tough lining (membrane) around each cylinder in penis - really flexible
52
Erection
Start in the brain with sensory or mental stimulation (while awake or sleeping)
Nitric oxide is released, a smooth muscle relaxant, which increases the size of blood vessels carrying blood to the penis, decrease size of vessels carrying the blood out
Ends with either lack of stimulation or contraction of penis
53
what effects erection in penis?
Affected by aging, medication, smoking, obesity, depression, stress, vascular disorders, mood, chronic illness, situational
54
Collagen
makes the penis tough and durable
55
Elastin
makes penis elastic – able to be stretched
56
Foreskin
Develops during the 3rd month of pregnancy
Covers the glans tightly until age 5 when can be partially rolled back without discomfort
57
cons of circumcision
Complications with surger (Bleeding and infection)
Removing not enough or too much skin
Improper healing
Usually done without consent of individual
58
Pros of circumcision
Reduced rates of UTIs
Reduced rate of foreskin problems (smegma, infection, circulation problem)
Reduced rates of STIs (HIV, syphilis, chancroid, trichomoniasis, and mycoplasma)
Lower rates of penile and cervical cancer (decreased rates of HPV)
Lower rates of prostate cancer
59
does circumcision effect sensation
early study said people reported less sensation but recent studies of nerves report no difference in sensation, ability to get aroused, or to maintain erection
60
What is the first sign of puberty for a person with a penis?
increased size of testes
61
Testes start to make \_\_\_\_\_During end of puberty
Sperm
62
What are the tested affected by?
heat, radiation, malnutrition, alcoholism, stress, infection, drugs
63
how long does sperm maturation take?
2 months
64
how long is sperm viable in the vagina?
5 days (only a few minutes on other surfaces)
65
how many sperm per ml
15 million
66
67
sperm geives what chromosomes?
Egg gives what chromosome?
sperm = xy
Egg = xx
68
cheriotype
make up of chromosomes
69
which chromosome is smaller and faster and what does that mean
y - more likely to not have nonviable pregnancy
70
semen consists of how much % sperm
2-10%
71
sperm are produced in the coiled tubes in the testicles called \_\_\_\_\_
seminiferous tubules
72
Epididymis
where sperm mature
and are stored
73
vas deferens
tube where sperm move through
74
seminal vesicles
add fluid to sperm
75
prostate adds what to sperm
milky fluid to create semen
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77
testosterone
stimulates development of
lean muscle, broadening of shoulders,
vocal cord lengthening, prostate and
seminal vesicle maturation, hair line
recession, growth plate closure
78
Testosterone gets converted to DHT by a
protein called
5 alpha reductase
79
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
stimulates penis and scrotum growth
80
Andropause/ penopause/ late
onset hypogonadism
A condition associated with lower levels of testosterone
Lower energy levels
Difficulty achieving an erection, less blood flow
Mood swings
Loss of strength/muscle mass
Some individuals never experience this
81
Testosterone starts to decrease by _______ years old
30-40
82
Adrenarche
Adrenal glands produce testosterone and DHEAS
83
84
how many times does someone go through puberty
3
1st in utero
soon after born
adolescence
85
