Genitourinary

Question 1

What are the 3 arteries in the spermatic cord?

Answer 1

Testicular artery, artery to vas deferents, cremasteric artery

Question 2

What are the layers of the scrotum?

Answer 2

Some Damn Englishmen Call It The Testis 
Skin
Dartos
External spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
Internal spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis 
Testis

Question 3

What is the nerve root innervation of the urethral sphincter, anal sphincter and penis?

Answer 3

S2,3,4 keeps pee/ poo/ penis off the floor

Question 4

What is the relation of the ureter to uterine artery/ vas deferens?

Answer 4

Water (pee) runs under the bridge (artery/vas deferens)

Question 5

What is the innervation of the penis?

Answer 5

Point, shoot, score
Parasympathetic- erection
Sympathetic- ejaculation/ emission

Question 6

What is the most posterior part of the renal hilum?

Answer 6

Pelvis (vein, artery, pelvis)

Question 7

Are the ureters retroperitoneal?

Answer 7

Yes for their entire course

Question 8

What is the length of the urètre in the abdomen va pelvis?

Answer 8

Equal length in each

Question 9

Where is the ureter in relation to psoas?

Answer 9

Anterior, it descends vertically downwards

Question 10

What is the relation of gonadal artery and vein to the ureter?

Answer 10

They cross the ureter in the abdomen

Question 11

Where does the genitofemoral nerve pass in relation to the ureter?

Answer 11

It goes behind which explains referred pain in testes with calculi

Question 12

What is the blood supply of the ureter?

Answer 12

Superior- ureteric branches of renal artery
Middle- branches of gonadal arteries
Inferior- branches of common and external arteries
Pelvic- branches of internal iliac and vesical arteries

Question 13

Where can the ureter be compressed?

Answer 13

Pelvic-ureteric junction
As it crosses pelvic brim and changes direction
Crossing of gonadal artery
Oblique intramural course of the vesiculo-ureteric junction

Question 14

At what vertebral level is the kidney?

Answer 14

T12-L3

Hilum is in the transpyloric place

Question 15

What are the layers covering the kidney?

Answer 15

Renal capsule of fibrous tissue within the perinephric fat. The fat is surrounded by the renal fascia (Gerota’s fascia)

Question 16

What are the posterior relations of the kidney?

Answer 16

Four muscles

• Diaphragm (superiority)
• Quadratus lumborum (inferiorly
• Psoas major (medically)
• Transversus abdominis (laterally)

Question 17

What’s the lymph drainage of the kidney?

Answer 17

Para-aortic nodes adjacent to the renal arteries.

Upper pole may drain to the posterior mediastinal lymph nodes

Question 18

Where is the Dartos muscle derived from?

Answer 18

From the abdominal Camper’s fascia

Question 19

Where is the Dartos fascia derived from?

Answer 19

The abdominal Scarpa’s fascia

Question 20

Where is the external spermatic fascia derived from?

Answer 20

The external oblique

Question 21

Where is the cremaster muscle derived from?

Answer 21

The internal oblique muscle

Question 22

Where is the internal spermatic fascia derived from?

Answer 22

The transversalis fascia

Question 23

Where does the left testicular vein drain?

Answer 23

The left renal vein

Question 24

Where does the right testicular vein drain?

Answer 24

Into the IVC

Question 25

Why is the different drainage of the testicular veins clinically important?

Answer 25

The oblique entry of the right testicular vein into the IVC does not allow for back flow of blood so therefore varicocoeles are more common on the left

Question 26

What is the artery to ductus deferens a branch of?

Answer 26

The superior vesical artery

Question 27

What lines the epididymis?

Answer 27

ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 28

What is the innervation of skin of the scrotum?

Answer 28

Anterolateral= genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Anterior= anterior scrotal nerves from ilioinguinal nerve
Posterior= posterior scrotal nerves from pudendal nerve
Inferior= perineal branches of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Question 29

What goes from medial to lateral in the posterior trigone of the bladder?

Answer 29

Vas deferens, seminal vesicles and then ureter

Question 30

In the scrotum, where does the vas lie in relation to the epidydimis?

Answer 30

Medial