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Casey: Panre > Genitourinary > Flashcards

Genitourinary Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

A

Calcium: 85% of stones

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2
Q

What is the most specific imaging modality for diagnosing kidney stones?

A

CT

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3
Q

Will a spermatocele transilluminate?

A

Yes

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4
Q

A kidney stone of less than what size will likely pass on its own?

A

Less than 5mm

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5
Q

List 3 possible txs for stress incontinence in women

A

Kegels
Estrogen therapy
Surgical placement of a urethral sling

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6
Q

A 65 yo male presents with frequency. On DRE you feel an elastic moderately enlarged prostate. What is the most likely dx?

A

BPH

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7
Q

A PSA above what level should start to make you concerned?

A

> 4.0

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8
Q

Give 2 major risk factors for erectile dysfunction.

A

Diabetes
HTN
Depression
Coronary artery disease

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9
Q

List one major risk factor for bladder CA

A

Smoking

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10
Q

Define paraphimosis

A

Foreskin is retracted and cannot be reduced

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11
Q

Which problem is an emergency: phimosis or paraphimosis?

A

Paraphimosis

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12
Q

What is the name of the condition that involves fibrous scar tissue in the penis causing a curvature of the erect penis?

A

Peyronie’s disease

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13
Q

Both testicles should be descended by what age?

A

3 months

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14
Q

Feeling a bag of worms in the scrotum should make you think of what dx?

A

Varicocele

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15
Q

A fluid filled painless mass found in the scrotum which transilluminates should make you think of what dx?

A

Hydrocele

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16
Q

What is the first line tx for a varicocele?

A

Watchful waiting unless there is question of fertility

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17
Q

Name the sign which is defined as decreased pain with scrotal elevation.

A

Prehn’s sign

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18
Q

Maltese crosses in the urine should make you think of what dx?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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19
Q

What is the imaging study of choice if you suspect bladder cancer?

A

Cystoscopy and biopsy

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20
Q

What is the most likely dx for a free floating, painless, cystic mass found posterior and superior to the testis?

A

Spermatocele

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21
Q

What age range is typically associated with testicular torsion?

A

10-20 yo

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22
Q

Where is the epididymis found?

A

It is found at the posterior upper pole.

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23
Q

What is the best imaging to r/o testicular torsion?

A

Doppler u/s for decreased blood flow to the testes

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24
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of epididymitis?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea and chlamydia

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25
What medication classes are ex'ed IOT help prevent chronic renal failure in diabetes patients?
ACEIs or ARBs
26
Will epididymitis feel better c scrotal elevation?
Yes
27
What is the normal level of serum bicarbonate (HCO3)?
24mEg/L
28
What is the tx for epididymitis?
Ceftriaxone and doxycycline
29
What is the first line antibiotic treatment for cystitis?
Bactrim
30
What is the most common organism that causes a bladder infection?
E. coli
31
Tenderness at the costovertebral angle should make you think of what dx?
Pyelonephritis
32
What is the condition where the urethral meatus is not at the tip of the penis?
Hypospadias and in far fewer cases epispadias
33
What is the most common organism responsible for prostatitis?
E. coli
34
What is the first line antibiotic for prostatitis?
Bactrium 4-6 wks
35
list 2 risk factors for prostate cancer
advancing age African American positive family hx high fat diet
36
What might you feel on DRE of a pt c prostate ca?
Enlarged prostate, hard nodules within the prostate
37
Define priapism
Painful persistent erection
38
A prostate bx consists of how many samples?
6-12
39
Painless hematuria should make you think of what dx?
Bladder cancer
40
What is the most common bladder cancer?
Transitional cell cancer
41
Define phimosis
Foreskin cannot be retracted
42
Name the condition in which the head of the penis curves downward or upward, at the junctions of the head and shaft of the penis. (often assoc c hypospadias)
Chord
43
How do you treat urethritis?
Ceftriaxone and doxycycline
44
A 3 yo boy presents c hematuria and a painless palpable abdominal mass. What is the most likely dx?
Wilms tumor
45
List 3 possible causes of prerenal renal failure
CHF severe dehydration hemorrhage
46
What is the most common cause of postrenal renal failure
BPH: post renal renal failure is secondary to an outflow obstruction
47
Muddy-brown sediment in the urine should make you think of what dx
Acute tubular necrosis
48
Tea colored urine with red cell casts should make you think of what dx
Glomerulonephritis
49
What are the two most common predisposing factors in the development of chronic renal failure?
HTN and DM
50
A sponge-like prostate on DRE should make you think of what dx?
Prostatitis but be careful b/c you can cause sepsis with a DRE!
51
Will serum potassium be decreased or elevated in renal failure?
Elevated
52
A urine protein of >3.5 grams/day should make you think of what dx?
Nephrotic syndrome
53
What hereditary pattern does polycystic kidney disease follow?
Autosomal dominant
54
What is the normal pH of the blood?
7.35-7.45
55
What is the most accurate way to dx urethritis?
urine PCR
56
What is considered a normal PCO2?
40mmHg
57
An ABG shows ph of 7.2, a bicarb of 25 and a PCO2 of 50. Is this respiratory or metabolic acidosis?
Respiratory: CO2 is elevated
58
White blood cell casts should make you think of what dx?
pyelonephritis
59
What area of the prostate is the primary site for prostate cancer?
the peripheral zone
60
What are of the prostate is affected by BPH?
the transitional zone
61
An involuntary loss of urine during coughing or laughing is what type of incontinence?
stress incontinence
62
A pt who has normal bladder function but can not get to the bathroom has what type of incontinence?
Functional incontinence
63
What type of incontinence is often associated with BPH?
overflow incontinence: the bladder cannot empty sufficiently
64
At what age do you begin screening pts for prostate ca? What two tests are used?
At age 50 an annual DRE and PSA are recommended
65
Often caused by chlamydia what is the syndrome characterized by urethritis (or cervicitis), arthritis and conjunctivitis?
Reiter's syndrome
66
What is the most common type of testicular cancer?
Nonseminoma

Casey: Panre (12 decks)

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